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1.
[目的]研究稻秆与剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸性能。[方法]在总固体浓度为20 g/L条件下,用一定比例的稻秆代替部分剩余污泥,构建共发酵产酸系统,探讨其有机物组分变化及其产酸特性。[结果]稻秆的投加能够促进多糖和蛋白溶出,提高SCOD含量,在发酵进行到第4天时,10%预处理稻秆处理和10%稻秆处理发酵体系中SCOD达到最高,分别为3 440和2 810 mg COD/L,与污泥对照相比,分别升高了72.0%和40.5%。与此同时,在发酵结束时,稻秆的投加虽没有增加VFAs积累量,但其在短期内能够促进VFAs转化,缩短发酵时间,在发酵进行到第6天时,与污泥对照组相比,10%预处理稻秆处理中VFAs积累量提升了70.1%。当VFAs积累量趋于稳定时,乙酸和丙酸占总酸的比例和从大到小依次为10%预处理稻秆处理、10%稻秆处理、污泥对照。[结论]稻秆的投加能够改善污泥厌氧发酵产酸性能,可为农业废物的资源化利用提供一种有效途径。  相似文献   
2.
4种水生植物深度净化村镇生活污水厂尾水效果研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过设置动态模拟试验,持续进水、出水条件下分析比较了漂浮植物凤眼莲和水浮莲、沉水植物轮叶黑藻和挺水植物黄菖蒲对村镇生活污水厂(一级A标准)尾水深度净化效果,筛选出具有去污效果优势的水生植物,为优化水生植物生态修复工程技术在尾水深度净化中的应用提供依据。结果表明:经水生植物深度净化后,尾水水质得到明显改善,漂浮植物凤眼莲和水浮莲对尾水氮、磷的净化效果优于挺水植物黄菖蒲和沉水植物轮叶黑藻。试验周期内,污水厂尾水总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)平均浓度为12.22 mg?L-1、0.38mg?L-1和3.88 mg?L-1,凤眼莲、水浮莲、轮叶黑藻、黄菖蒲和对照各系统的总氮平均去除率分别为46.25%、45.74%、43.41%、38.39%和29.22%,总磷去除率分别为36.84%、34.21%、31.58%、28.95%和26.32%,CODMn去除率分别为42.27%、30.93%、32.47%、32.47%和37.89%。凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻生物量净增长率分别为550.5%、418.8%、210.6%和80.3%,凤眼莲生物量净增率最大。各处理系统内凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻对尾水氮富集量分别为7.36 g、2.33 g、5.12 g和4.46 g,对磷的富集量分别为0.60 g、0.19 g、0.33 g和0.78 g,凤眼莲富集氮能力优于另外3种水生植物,轮叶黑藻磷富集量高于另外3种水生植物。凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻植株吸收作用对尾水总氮去除的表观贡献率分别为15.29%、4.90%、11.17%和11.34%,对尾水总磷去除的表观贡献率分别为50.34%、17.17%、35.24%和76.34%。因此,可利用漂浮植物凤眼莲和沉水植物轮叶黑藻立体复合种养的方式深度净化生活污水厂尾水。  相似文献   
3.
ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted for 2 years in sandy loam soil, to study the direct effect of organic manures i.e. sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and sesbania (SB) and chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in sequence in winter (Rabi) and summer (Kharif) season during 2015–2016 to 2016–2017 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Residual effect of organic sources of nutrients as SS, VC and SB were monitored up to fourth crop (II wheat) in sequence applied in conjunction with 75% recommended dose of fertilize (RDF). Among the nutrient sources, the maximum grain yield in I rice (4.89 t ha?1), II rice (4.95 t ha?1), was recorded in treatment T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) whereas in I wheat (4.68 t ha?1) and II wheat (4.59 t ha?1), it was recorded in T4 (customized fertilizer). The maximum straw yield during all four crops was recorded in T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) in rice and T4 (customized fertilizer) in wheat crop, which showed 25, 32, 23 and 28% increase over 100% RDF (T2). Application of 100% RDF along with S, Zn, B and customized fertilizer increased the total uptake of N, P, K, S and B and also in net returns and B:C ratio followed by organic treatments.  相似文献   
4.
[目的]主要研究蚯蚓堆肥前后对污泥肥力和小白菜种子发芽情况的影响。[方法]利用蚯蚓堆肥处理污泥,通过测定堆肥前后污泥全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、有效钾的变化,研究蚯蚓堆肥对污泥肥力的影响;利用堆肥处理后的污泥培养小白菜种子,通过测定发芽势、发芽指数和发芽率,研究堆肥后污泥肥力变化对其发芽率的影响。[结果]A1~A5(A2除外)试验组全氮下降幅度分别为27%、26%、21%和18%;A2组中全磷增加最大,为实验前的1.6倍;A2组中有效钾含量上升了20%;A5组中发芽率最低。[结论]蚯蚓堆肥提高了污泥中有效氮含量和全氮含量,而全磷含量、有效磷含量出现不同程度的增加,全磷增量大于有效磷,全钾和有效钾含量变化小;土壤中加入辅料对小白菜发芽势和发芽率均有不同程度的改善,发芽指数的变化趋势与发芽率一致。  相似文献   
5.
吉倩倩 《农业工程》2019,9(9):59-62
本文以我国农村污水的特征与主要成分分析为切入点,简要地介绍了现今农村污水生态治理的应用现状和存在的问题,并以生态复合型湿地为研究对象,从湿地填料、湿地植物、湿地微生物等方面对其性能优化进行了较为详尽的论述。   相似文献   
6.
Marine land-based Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) are generally perceived as environmentally friendly aquatic production systems. To promote their sustainability even further and reduce the discharge of nutrients, there is a need for cost-effective end-of-pipe treatment technologies for removing nutrients. This includes nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) for which well-proven technologies for freshwater systems exists, while similar technologies for saltwater systems are less advanced. Granular technology has been developed since the 1970s in wastewater treatment under the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) concept. This concept is based on the enrichment of different bacterial aggregations into a compact granule, optimizing synergistic and syntrophic bacterial processes by reducing the diffusion distance of substrates between the different bacterial consortia forming the granule. The following study examined the: 1) granular formation; and 2) nitrate removal capacity of a marine Upflow Anoxic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor operating at different up-flow velocities (0.40–2.11 m/h). The results showed that marine denitrifying granules developed within 27 days using preconditioned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) organic matter waste, and that the highest specific denitrification rate (321.9 ± 13.1 mg NO3-N/g Total Volatile Suspended Solids (TVSS)/d) was found at an upflow velocity of 0.97 m/h. The marine UASB denitrifying granule reactor had a total capacity of removing 14.9 kg NO3-N/m3 reactor volume per day at a hydraulic retention time of 1.9 h, making it a strong candidate for end-of-pipe denitrification of marine RAS effluent as well as for in-line treatment in marine systems.  相似文献   
7.
浙江农村水环境形势日趋严峻,究其缘由,主要是因农村畜禽养殖和密集化种植过程中产生的污水未经有效处理而外排环境所致.这不仅阻碍乡村形象的提升,甚至影响当地村民的正常生产与生活,其治理刻不容缓.对目前国内外一些适合于农村污水处理的技术进行了归纳与分析,进而结合实际提出一套复合技术,为浙江农村污水治理提供参考.  相似文献   
8.
污泥衍生吸附剂对废水中酸性雪青的吸附特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的]研究污泥衍生吸附剂对废水中酸性雪青的吸附特性.[方法]以污泥粉为原料,加入锯末,用氯化锌活化,高温热解制得一种污泥衍生吸附剂(碘值为462.36 mg/g),并研究了污泥衍生吸附剂对废水中酸性雪青的吸附特性.[结果]污泥衍生吸附剂对酸性雪青吸附动力学模型拟合结果表明,100、300、400 mg/L的酸性雪青溶液都符合假二级动力学模型,其R2都>0.99; 100、300、400 mg/L的酸性雪青溶液到达平衡的时间分别是30、90、150 min,低浓度到达平衡的时间短,高浓度到达平衡时间长.根据热力学试验可以得出,其吸附过程在10、20、30℃下都可用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型很好地描述(其R2都>0.99).根据其吸附过程与液膜扩散模型和颗粒内扩散模型的拟合情况,得到液膜扩散是其吸附过程的速率控制步骤,但不是唯一速率控制步骤,而颗粒内扩散并不是其过程的速率控制步骤.[结论]使用污泥衍生吸附剂吸附废水中酸性雪青具有可行性.  相似文献   
9.
Composting and thermal drying are amongst the most commonly used post-digestion processes for allowing sanitation and biological stabilization of sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants, and making it suitable as soil conditioner for use in agriculture. To assess the impact of sludge-derived materials on soil microbial properties, fresh (LAF), composted (LAC) and thermally dried (LAT) sludge fractions, each resulting from a different post-treatment process of a same aerobically digested sewage sludge, were added at 1% (w/w) application rate on two contrasting (a loam and a loamy sand) soils and incubated under laboratory conditions for 28 days. Soil respiration, microbial ATP content, hydrolytic activities and arginine ammonification rate were monitored throughout the incubation period. Results showed that soil biochemical variables, including the metabolic quotient (qCO2), were markedly stimulated after sludge application, and the magnitude of this stimulatory effect was dependent on sludge type (precisely LAT > LAF > LAC), but not on soil type. This effect was related to the content of stable organic matter, which was lower in LAT. Genetic fingerprinting by PCR–DGGE revealed that compositional shifts of soil bacterial and, at greater extent, actinobacterial communities were responsive to the amendment with a differing sludge fraction. The observed time-dependent changes in the DGGE profiles of amended soils reflected the microbial turnover dependent on the sludge nutrient input, whereas no indications of adverse effects of sludge-borne contaminants were noted. Our findings indicate that composting rather thermal drying can represent a more appropriate post-digestion process to make sewage sludge suitable for use as soil conditioner in agriculture.  相似文献   
10.
Although ‘sewage farming’ or wastewater irrigation started in Australia in the latter parts of the 19th century, it was in the late 1960s that a considerable interest was revived in arid and semi-arid parts of the world due to scarcity of alternative water sources and the urgency to increase local food production. The practice has manifold benefits in the form of water conservation, nutrient recycling, surface and ground water pollution prevention. But for arid and semi-arid regions like many parts of Australia, while wastewater irrigation can be an attractive solution to irrigation water problems, it might not be the ideal solution for the common soil types encountered in these regions. Due to characteristic low rainfall, high evaporation and low leaching, these soils tend to have higher salt accumulations. This paper examines the soil salinity and sodicity effects of wastewater irrigation in soil types typical to South Eastern Australia and takes the soils of Western Treatment Plant (WTP) as a case study to highlight these issues.  相似文献   
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