芝麻不同品种对空间诱变的敏感性及生物效应研究初报

５个纯合芝麻种质材料搭载我国发射的第１７颗返地式卫星空间处理１５ｄ后,Ｍ０种子外部性状与未处理对照间无明显变化,Ｍ１表现出叶形、育性等外部形态性状变异,品种间敏感性不同。     

芝麻雄性核不育化学保持效果初探 Ⅰ. 化学保持剂对核不育的育性恢复效果

罩网隔离条件下 ,用 5种化学保持剂 ( CRA)对 2个芝麻雄性核不育材料分 3个生育阶段进行叶面喷施。结果表明 :与空白对照相比 ,雄性不育株花粉不育度从 87.7%下降到 54.8% ,花粉育性恢复率最高可达32 .9% ,平均为 2 2 .9%。不育株自交结蒴率最高达到 1 7.9% ,结实率最高达到 8.0 %。以 D4、D5 、D1 1 、D1 2 、D1 4 、D1 6 6个处理效果较好 ,其单株自交结蒴率最高达 4 1 .4 % ,结实率最高达 2 0 .7% ,不育株单株自交结实能力提高 1 .8～ 1 2 .6倍。所用 5种化学保持剂以 CRA0 2为佳     

芝麻优良种质资源的深化鉴定与综合评价

“八五”期间,在不同生态区的１４个试验点,连续三年对“七五”筛选出的各类优良资源２２５份进行了深化鉴定与综合评价,评选出稳定优异资源５５份。其中具有稳定高耐渍、高抗茎点枯病和高抗枯萎病的多抗性资源１份（ＷＺＭ１５２３缅甸黑芝麻）;某一优良性状稳定且产量较对照种平均增产１０％以上,可直接在生产上推广利用的优异资源９份（高耐渍高产资源３份;ＺＺＭ１４０８、ＺＺＭ２８７１、ＺＺＭ２８７５,高抗枯萎病高产资源４份：ＺＺＭ０２４３、ＺＺＭ０５７４、ＺＺＭ０８６６、ＷＺＭ３１１３,高油分高产资源２份：ＺＺＭ２５４１、ＺＺＭ２５４５）;具有某一优良性状但产量较低,可间接作育种亲本材料利用的４５份。     

芝麻野生种与栽培种的交配能力

本试验以野生种(S.schinianum)和栽培种(S.indicum L.)宜阳白、中芝5号、鄂芝1号和中芝7号为亲本进行了正反杂交。以栽培种作母本,一次授粉和重复授粉均不能产生种子。以S.schinzianum作母本则产生秕种子,重复授粉提高秕籽率,但这些秕种子于土中不能发芽。离体培养授粉后8天的幼蒴仅野生种作母本的组合产生了小植株、植株的形态特征与野生种相似。     

芝麻品种主成分分析和遗传距离测定及其在杂交育种中的应用

对３１个芝麻品种进行了主成分分析及遗传距离测定和聚类分析,结果表明,３１个品种可分为１４类,在类群间（Ｄ＾２≥１２．５０）组配组合是有效的,类群内组配不利于遗传多样性和优良变异材料的选育。地理远缘品种在遗传上不一定远缘,而近缘品种由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。     

Effect of Some Weed Control Treatments on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Associated Weeds

Two field experiments were carried out during 1984 and 1985 seasons at the Farm of Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, A. R. C, Ministry of Agric. (Egypt), to study the effect of five herbicides applied as a single or in tank mixtures as well as hoeing treatment on sesame plants and dominated annual weeds under Upper Egypt growing conditions. The herbicides alachlor at 2.304, pendimethalin at 2.040, linuron at 1.200, diuron at 0.960 and prometryn at 1.920 kg a.i./ha were applied preemergence as a single herbicides, as well as alachlor and pendimethalin combined with linuron, diuron or prometryn at the same rates. Two checks were included, one was left without weed removal, while the other was hand-hoed.
Pendimethalin at 2.040 applied alone or in mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best grass weed control, while excellent effectiveness against annual broad-leaves was obtained by linuron at 1,200 and diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha alone or in mixtures with pendimethalin at 2.040 kg a.i./ha. Whereas, pendimithalin at 2.040 applied alone or in tank mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best control for total annual weeds and higher seed yield of sesame as well as other yield contributing characters.     

Antioxidant potential of sesame (Sesamum indicum) cake extract in stabilization of sunflower and soybean oils

Recently natural antioxidants have gained increased interest because natural food ingredients are safer than synthetic ones. Antioxidant activities and protective effects of sesame cake extract (SCE) in stabilizing sunflower oil (SFO) and soybean oil (SBO) were tested. Since different antioxidant compounds have different mechanisms of action, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, and β-carotene/linoleic acid test system were used to assess the antioxidant efficacy of SCE. Total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents in SCE were 1.94 (mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g⁻¹ dry weight (DW)), 0.88 (mg quercetain equivalent (QE) g⁻¹ DW), and 0.40 (mg QE g⁻¹ DW), respectively. Protective effects of SCE in stabilizing SFO and SBO were tested, compared to synthetic antioxidants, by measuring their peroxide values (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), conjugated trienes (CT) and p-anisidine value during accelerated storage. Results indicated that SCE exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in SFO and SBO than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), while its antioxidant activity was less than that of tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ).     

Date bars fortified with almonds,sesame seeds,oat flakes and skim mik powder

Fortified date bars were prepared from some of the commonly grown date cultivars in the United Arab Emirates. The average ash, fat and protein contents in the control date bar sample were 1.78, 6.09 and 7.83%, respectively. The ash and protein contents increased, but the fat content decreased slightly with the inclusion of skim milk powder in the remaining date bar formulations. All the date bar samples were found to be free from Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms. Date fruit, which usually supplies only calories, can thus be turned into a product having significant amounts of other valuable nutrients.     

芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白的基因克隆和原核表达

为克隆黑、白芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins的基因并在原核细胞中对其进行表达,本研究分别提取黑、白芝麻的总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,根据序列设计简并引物,扩增芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins基因的完整开放阅读框,并与pET-28a载体连接,测序鉴定后转化大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)及用IPTG诱导表达。结果表明克隆获得黑、白芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins的全长基因约为438bp的开放阅读框(包括终止密码子),编码145个氨基酸。所编码的蛋白相对分子质量约为15.5kDa,为小分子量蛋白,等电点为5.18,与理论值相符。序列同源性分析发现其与数据库中已知的黑、白芝麻油质蛋白Oleosins基因同源性很高(GenBank黑、白芝麻油质蛋白基因登录号分别为EU999158和EU999159),并在DE3中高效表达。