pH及浓度对次氯酸钠除藻效果的影响

[目的]研究次氯酸钠在不同浓度和不同pH奈件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果。[方法]以细胞数和叶绿素a作为检测项目,研究次氟酸钠在不同条件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果以及叶绿素a褪色后的藻细胞活性。[结果]次氯酸钠浓度越高,叶绿素a的褪色效果越好,但细胞数减少量变化不明显。在3mg／L的NaCIO条件下,pH为4．7的藻液中叶绿素a褪色率（62％）是pH为9．4（5％）的12倍。叶绿素a褪色率为95％和100％的藻液离心后重新接种到新鲜培养基中,藻细胞的数量呈逐渐下降趋势。[结论]pH越低,次氯酸钠的除藻效果越好。叶绿素i褪色后藻细胞失去了生长繁殖的能力。通过调节pH和NaCIO浓度相结合的方法可有效抑制藻类生长,控制藻类的爆发。     

培养液铁离子浓度对单生卵囊藻和月牙藻细胞组成的影响

研究了培养液中添加不同量柠檬酸铁(0、0.0039、0.039和0.39 mg/L)对单生卵囊藻(Oocystis solitaria)和月牙藻(Selenastrum sp.)细胞组成的影响。结果表明,单生卵囊藻和月牙藻分别在柠檬酸铁添加量为0.039 mg/L和0.39 mg/L时具有最大的蛋白、总糖、叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量。单生卵囊藻和月牙藻均在柠檬酸铁添加量为0.39 mg/L时具有最大的总脂肪含量,分别为13.76%和22.78%,比相应未添加铁组分别提高了318%和160%。单生卵囊藻富含18:3n3,月牙藻富含18:2n6。培养液中高的铁离子浓度诱导两种藻细胞合成更多的饱和脂肪酸。相比单生卵囊藻,月牙藻对培养液中高铁离子浓度的耐受力更强,更适合作为生物柴油的原料。     

Growth and physiological responses of freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum to allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) under different initial algal densities

Most natural algicides including macrophytic allelochemicals are known to selectively inhibit algal growth. The investigations on the modes of action about the species-specific algicides are little. In this study, the effects of allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) identified from reed (Phragmites communis) on the growth, physiological, and biochemical processes of green alga Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated. The results showed that EMA had multiple effects on the growth of S. capricornutum under different initial algal densities (IADs). The algal growth was inhibited by EMA at low IADs, but stimulated at high IADs. Further, the potential modes of action of EMA on S. capricornutum were explored from ultrastructure, metabolic activity, reactive oxygen species level, and lipid peroxidation to trace the microenvironment changes in the algal cells. Damage in cell structure occurred at low IAD, but cells were well developed with increased metabolic activity at high IAD. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased under both conditions. The increase of ROS level was acute at low IAD but slow at high IAD. EMA caused significant lipid peroxidation, i.e. oxidative damage on membrane lipids at low IAD but not at high IAD. Based on these results, the initial algal density is considered an important factor to influence algal growth and physiological and biochemical responses to EMA, the effects of EMA on S. capricornutum may be “hormesis-like”, and different ROS increase ratio may be directly related with different responses of S. capricornutum to EMA.     

重铬酸钾和3,5-二氯苯酚对羊角月牙藻和斜生栅藻的毒性效应

[目的]研究重铬酸钾和3,5-二氯苯酚对羊角月牙藻和斜生栅藻的毒性效应。[方法]以羊角月牙藻和斜生栅藻为试验绿藻,进行了重铬酸钾和3,5-二氯苯酚为参比物的72 h毒性试验。[结果]重铬酸钾对羊角月牙藻的72 h Ey C_(50)为1.02 mg/L,95%置信区间为0.98~1.06 mg/L;Ery C_(50)为2.48 mg/L,95%置信区间为2.25~2.74 mg/L。3,5-二氯苯酚对羊角月牙藻的72 h Ey C_(50)为1.12 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.08~1.16 mg/L;Ery C_(50)为2.41 mg/L,95%置信区间为2.22~2.62 mg/L。重铬酸钾对斜生栅藻的72 h Ey C_(50)为0.43mg/L,95%置信区间为0.42~0.43 mg/L;Ery C_(50)为1.07 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.02~1.12 mg/L。添加不同初始藻浓度,初始量为0.5×10~4个/m L时,3,5-二氯苯酚对斜生栅藻的72 h Ey C_(50)为1.68 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.63~1.72 mg/L;Ery C_(50)为1.43 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.42~1.44 mg/L。初始量为1.0×10~4个/m L时,3,5-二氯苯酚对斜生栅藻的72 h Ey C_(50)为1.55 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.51~1.60 mg/L;Ery C_(50)为1.39 mg/L,95%置信区间为1.38~1.40 mg/L。[结论]重铬酸钾和3,5-二氯苯酚可以作为参比物来评价绿藻的敏感度。     

5种杀菌剂对3种水生生物的急性毒性与安全性评价

为评价吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇和丙环唑5种杀菌剂对水生态的安全性,运用评价化学品对水生生物毒性的标准试验方法,测定了这5种杀菌剂对羊角月芽藻、大型溞和斑马鱼3种水生生物的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价.结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对大型溞48 h的EC50为0.0230 mg/L(a.i.),对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为0.0311 mg/L,均为剧毒;对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为0.451 mg/L,为中毒.啶酰菌胺对大型溞48 h的EC50为9.26mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为2.90 mg/L,均为中毒;对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为13.1 mg/L,为低毒.嘧菌酯对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为0.165 mg/L,对大型溞48 h的EC50为0.221 mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为0.817 mg/L,均为高毒.戊唑醇和丙环唑对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50分别为1.95、0.772 mg/L,对大型溞48 h的EC50分别为4.83、3.88 mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50分别为4.66、2.47 mg/L,均为中毒.