Rapid detection of SNPs in candidate genes regulating the growth of orange‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), using semiconductor sequencing

Orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most important marine food species in Southeast Asia and China and has been cultured for decades. In this study, we fully utilized the limited capacity of semiconductor sequencing, the high efficiency of long‐range PCR for target enrichment and a non‐indexed pooling strategy to screen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a breeding population of orange‐spotted grouper. Forty‐one genomic DNA fragments, with a total length of approximately 180 kb, including 22 candidate genes that control growth, and from a DNA pool of 20 heaviest and 22 lightest individuals of the sampled population were successfully sequenced using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. 3 503 466 clear reads were produced with a length of 192 ± 56 bp, 86.8% of which were mapped to the reference with an average coverage depth of 2567‐fold and physical coverage of 98.8%. Finally, 1623 high‐quality SNPs were adopted. Compared with Sanger sequencing of three random common regions, the sensitivity and specificity of our approach were 39.4% and 100.0% respectively. A mutation located at the third position of the previously labelled start codon of growth hormone receptor type 1 invalidated the start codon. Furthermore, comparison of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this site between the two extreme groups, prediction of signal peptide and identification of conservative mRNA sequences suggested that the functional start codon is likely located at the position of another downstream in‐frame ATG in the mutant. These detected SNP markers will provide important tools for the selective breeding of orange‐spotted grouper.     

Genome-wide association mapping of phenolic acids in tetraploid wheats

Phenolic acids are major components of cell walls in wheat and have important implications on human health as antioxidants with anti-tumor activity. Our objectives were to identify phenolic acid genes in wheat by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected within the coding sequences of candidate genes, and to identify chromosomal regions associated with single phenolic acids and total soluble phenolic compounds. A set of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were identified by comparative genomics. SNPs found in the coding sequences of six genes (PAL1, PAL2, C4H, C3H, COMT1 and COMT2) were used to determine their chromosomal location and accurate map position on two reference consensus linkage maps. The genome-wide association study (GWAS), based on genotyping a tetraploid wheat collection with 81,587 gene-associated SNPs, detected 22 quantitative trait loci (QTL) distributed on almost all durum wheat chromosomes. Two QTL for p-coumaric acid were coincident with the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL2) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) genes on chromosome arms 2AL and 1AL, respectively. The availability of candidate gene-based markers can allow elucidating the mechanism of phenolic acids accumulation in wheat kernels and exploiting the genetic variability of phenolic acids content for the nutritional improvement of wheat end-products.     

小麦条锈菌3个看家基因SNP引物的首次报道

In order to analyze the population structure of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), SNPs primers of Pst were developed from DNA sequences of nine house-keeping genes Chs, Act, Mapk1, Tub, Cdc2, Rd, Sm, Ls and Ef-1α obtained from GenBank. Eight of which were from Pst and one from P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). Thirteen pairs of primers were designed and screened based on at least 30 isolates of Pst obtained from diverse locations. Three of them were polymorphic namely Map1351S/Map1683A, Cd28S/Cd352A and Ef137S/Ef531A. Polymorphic loci analysis based on 149 Pst isolates from 5 provinces indicated that the three primers had good polymorphism. Cd28S/Cd352A had 8 polymorphic loci, three of them were phylogenetically informative. Ef137S/Ef531A had 6 polymorphic loci and 4 of them were informative. Map1351S/Map1683A had 8 polymorphic loci and 4 were informative. The 3 primers were used for analyzing Pst population and revealed the ancestral origin, phylogeny relation of haplotypes, genetic differentiation of the population, gene flow, and the evolution and migration relation between Pst populations thereby. The findings indicate that the 3 genes SNP primers can be used for Pst population genetic structure analysis.     

Relationship between three novel SNPs of BRCA1 and canine mammary tumors

The BRCA1 gene plays an important role in the development of human breast cancer, and recent research indicated that genetic variations of BRCA1 are also related to canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Here, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1. By direct sequencing of the flanking sequences of the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1, three previously unreported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, two (−1228T >C, −1173C >T) in the putative promoter regions and one non-synonymous SNP (63449G >A) in exon 23. Compared with 16 normal samples, the sequences from 34 CMTs suggested that SNP (−1173C >T) was associated with the development of CMTs (odds ratio (OR)=2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–6.15).     

Genomic prediction for meat and carcass traits in Nellore cattle using a Markov blanket algorithm

This study was carried out to evaluate the advantage of preselecting SNP markers using Markov blanket algorithm regarding the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle. This study considered 3675, 3680, 3660 and 524 records of rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BF), rump fat (RF), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), respectively, from the Nellore Brazil Breeding Program. The animals have been genotyped using low-density SNP panel (30 k), and subsequently imputed for arrays with 777 k SNPs. Four Bayesian specifications of genomic regression models, namely Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ and Bayesian Ridge Regression methods were compared in terms of prediction accuracy using a five folds cross-validation. Prediction accuracy for REA, BF and RF was all similar using the Bayesian Alphabet models, ranging from 0.75 to 0.95. For WBSF, the predictive ability was higher using Bayes B (0.47) than other methods (0.39 to 0.42). Although the prediction accuracies using Markov blanket of SNP markers were lower than those using all SNPs, for WBSF the relative gain was lower than 13%. With a subset of informative SNPs markers, identified using Markov blanket, probably, is possible to capture a large proportion of the genetic variance for WBSF. The development of low-density and customized arrays using Markov blanket might be cost-effective to perform a genomic selection for this trait, increasing the number of evaluated animals, improving the management decisions based on genomic information and applying genomic selection on a large scale.     

基于高通量GBS-SNP标记的栽培燕麦六倍体起源研究

栽培六倍体燕麦是世界重要粮食作物,理清其起源对燕麦种质资源的高效利用和保护具有重要意义。本研究利用GBS (genotyping by sequencing)对27份来自中国的大粒裸燕麦材料测序,结合先前发表的包括6个六倍体燕麦种在内的66份燕麦材料的GBS数据进行SNP挖掘。UNEAK管道挖掘共计得到MAF大于0.5, call rate大于0.95的SNP标记8902个。进一步剔除缺失值大于0.15的4个燕麦材料后,对其余89份材料进行PCA分析、STRUCTURE分析以及UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明,在野生种中,除A. sterilis外,大多数来自同一物种的材料聚为一类,不同物种间能够较好地分开,表明这些物种之间存在较强的遗传分化。聚类分析将供试材料分为分别代表野生种和栽培种的2支,表明野生种和栽培种之间存在明显的遗传差异;在栽培种中, A. sativa与A. byzantina具有较高的遗传多样性,分散在不同的类群中,二者未出现明显的遗传分化,具有较高的遗传同质性, A. sativa ssp. nuda与A. sativa亲缘关系较近,但存在一定的遗传分化,因此形成独立的类群。值得注意的是,来自野生种A. sterilis的材料被分在2个类群中,其中来自西南亚地区(伊朗-伊拉克-土耳其地区)的居群与A. sativa和A. byzantina聚在一起,揭示此地区的A. sterilis居群可能是A. sativa和A. byzantina的祖先种。野生种A. hybrida显示出与A. fatua较高的遗传同质性,因此将其作为A. fatua的亚种较为合理。本研究为栽培六倍体燕麦起源提供了理论依据。     

CXCR1基因编码区SNPs与荷斯坦牛泌乳性能和繁殖性状关联分析

研究旨在探索CXCR1(Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 1)基因编码区SNPs与荷斯坦牛泌乳性状及部分繁殖性状间关系。用飞行时间质谱法检测865头荷斯坦牛CXCR1基因编码区c.642 AG、c.816 CA、c.980 AG和c.1068 GA 4个SNPs位点,同时收集采样牛2010年12月至2012年7月繁殖指标和2010年至2014年奶牛生产性能测定(Dairy herd improvement,DHI)记录。采用多因素方差分析法分析CXCR1基因CDS区SNPs基因型与测定日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等泌乳性状和产犊间隔、产后首配泌乳天数、配种次数和妊娠泌乳天数关系。结果表明,CXCR1-642 AG和CXCR1-980 AG对乳中体细胞评分(Somatic cell score,SCS)影响显著(P0.05),c.642 AG、c.816 CA、c.980 AG和c.1068 GA对乳中乳脂率、蛋白率和总固体影响显著(P0.05)。CXCR1-980 AG和CXCR1-1068 GA位点AA型个体测定日产奶量显著高于AG和GG型(P0.05),但CXCR1-980 AG AA型乳蛋白率、SCS和总固体显著低于AG和GG型(P0.05)。CXCR1-816 CA位点对产犊间隔影响达显著水平(P=0.033),AC基因型个体产犊间隔显著低于AA型个体。而CXCR1-642 AG、CXCR1-980 AG和CXCR1-1068 GA位点对产犊间隔、产后首配泌乳天数、配种次数以及妊娠泌乳天数均无显著性关联(P0.05)。CXCR1-980 AG和CXCR1-1068 GA对荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳品质存在显著遗传效应,CXCR1 c.816 CA位点对产犊间隔影响显著。CXCR1基因CDS区SNP可作为提高产奶量和乳品质、缩短产犊间隔候选分子标记之一。     

猪ECH1基因部分序列的遗传变异分析

为了进一步研究烯脂酰辅酶A水解酶1(enoyl CoA hydratase,ECH1)基因的生物学功能,研究采用克隆测序结合PCR-RFLP的方法分析了民猪ECH1基因的部分DNA序列,并对其中的1个点突变进行了3个猪种内的基因型频率和基因频率计算。结果表明:研究所检测的ECH1基因序列与网上已有序列相比存在8个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点,其中有2个造成酶切位点的改变;民猪和大白猪在PCR-RFLP-BamHⅠ位点的A、B基因频率均接近0.5,而长白猪B为优势等位基因。     

牙鲆GH基因的SNPs与生长性状关系的初步研究

以雌核发育牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为对象,根据Gen Bank收录的牙鲆生长激素基因序列(Gen Bank登录号:D29737)设计9对引物,采用直接测序的方法对50尾雌核发育牙鲆生长激素基因编码区和启动子进行了单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs)筛选,共获得有效序列1 838 bp,启动子区117 bp,内含子区1 050 bp,外显子区671 bp,覆盖牙鲆生长激素基因78.3%的序列。共检测到7个SNPs,平均发生频率为0.38/100个碱基,其中颠换型3个,插入型2个,缺失型2个;内含子区4个(Intron I:C477T、1 091~1 092/insert T、1 129~1 130/insert A;Intron IV:1 906A/-del),外显子区3个(Exon V:2067T/-del、A2006C、A1974G);SNPs与生长性状相关分析结果显示:C477T和2 067T/-del两个位点对牙鲆的体重、体长、体高等生长性状均有显著影响(P0.05),其他5个SNPs对牙鲆生长性状均无显著影响(P0.05)。研究结果可为牙鲆生长性状的SNPs标记辅助选育提供基础数据。