Cloning and characterization of gene-resistant analogs (RGAs) involved in rust (Puccinia psidii) resistance in Eucalyptus grandis

Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro-teins with conserved leucine rich r...     

云南小麦品种（系）锈病和赤霉病抗性功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用5个锈病成株期抗性基因的KASP标记Sr2_ger9 3p、Lr34jagger、CSTM4_67G、Lr68-2、VPM_SNP和抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的KASP标记TaHRC-KASP,对云南省育成的42个小麦品种（系）进行检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省持久抗病小麦新品种（系）的选育提供材料。结果表明,4个材料含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr34/Yr18/Sr57,频率为9.52%;6个品种（系）含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55,频率为14.29%;7个材料含抗慢叶锈病基因Lr68,频率为16.67%;含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Sr2/Yr30和成株抗叶锈基因Lr37的材料各有1个,频率均为2.38%;未检测出含抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品种（系）。云麦69、云麦75、云麦56、宜麦1号和宜麦3号等兼有2个成株期抗锈病基因,可作为今后云南持久抗锈病育种的抗源材料。     

菜豆抗锈育种的抗源筛选和抗病基因分析

通过对国内外引进的162个品种的田间自然发病调查和苗期接种鉴定,筛选出抗病型品种37个,中抗型21个,中感型60个,感病型44个.抗锈型品种中大多数是从国外引进且多属于矮生类型,其中少数矮生品种可直接用于生产,其余品种虽园艺性状不佳、但仍可作为蔓生菜豆育种的抗源亲本.抗病基因分析结果表明,抗锈性受一对基因控制且为显性.F_2代抗与感分离,经x~2测定完全符合3:1比例.本文对抗锈育种目标、苗期接种鉴定方法及用纯系小种作基因分析等进行了讨论.     

Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance to stem rust in European wheat cultivars

A total of 105 European wheat cultivars were assessed for seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to stem rust using an array of Australian isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Twenty-seven cultivars were susceptible at both seedling and adult plant growth stages. Twelve catalogued seedling stem rust resistance genes (Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr8b, Sr9b, Sr9g, Sr11, Sr15, Sr17, Sr29, Sr31, Sr36 and Sr38) were detected in the remaining cultivars, and 13 cultivars carried additional seedling resistance genes that could not be postulated with the isolates used. Low levels of APR to stem rust were found in the cultivars Artaban, Forno, Mec, Mercia, Pandas and Vlada. Although the genetic identity of this APR was not determined, it was clear that the only designated stem rust APR gene Sr2 was not present in any of the cultivars tested based on the absence of the linked traits seedling chlorosis and pseudo black chaff. One of these cultivars, Forno, is believed to carry the leaf rust APR gene Lr34, previously reported to be associated with improved resistance to stem rust. A detailed genetic characterisation of the APRs in these cultivars will be needed to understand their modes of inheritance and relationships with catalogued stem rust resistance genes. Such knowledge may help in developing cultivars with effective gene combinations that confer higher levels of protection.     

Rust control and EBDC residues in green beans sprayed with mancozeb and sulphur

Rust control and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) residues in green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Morgan') were evaluated in two seasons of 1993 in Dschang, Cameroon. Four weekly applications of mancozeb (2.8 kg ha- 1), sulphur (2.24 kg ha- 1), or mancozeb+sulphur (1.4+1.12 kg ha- 1) were initiated from initial rust symptoms. In both seasons, treatments with mancozeb alone resulted in a low area under pustule count progress curve (AUPPC) and a significant increase in leaf area index, and pod and green fodder yields. Pod yields were negatively correlated with AUPPC. Pod yield loss was estimated at 61% and 32% in the early and late seasons, respectively, while losses in green fodder yields were 57% and 24% respectively. EBDC residue levels decreased significantly with a delay in pod harvestand when pods were washed in running tap water. Residue levels were high in the late season, possibly due to low rainfall. Pods exposed to the combined fungicidal treatments accumulated higher levels of residues than those sprayed with mancozeb alone, suggesting a potential risk of EBDC accumulation on pods when EBDCs are mixed with sulphur.     

Disease Tolerance in Helianthus petiolaris : A Genetic Resource for Sunflower Breeding

Abstract

Argentina is a major sunflower producer in the world, with crop acreage of 2?2.7 million ha in the last four years. Sunflower crop yield is often influenced by sanitary constraints, mainly fungal pathogens. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species native to North America established in central Argentina displays a high tolerance to a number of fungal diseases and insects. Controlled crosses of this species with sunflower demonstrated that H. petiolaris constitutes a valuable genetic variability source for sunflower breeding to improve tolerance to rust (Puccinia helianthi), white rust (Albugo tragopogonis), verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), powdery mildew (Erisiphe sp.) and the sunflower moth (Rachiplusia nu). This places H. petiolaris in an outstanding position as a genetic resource since different important traits could be transferred to the crop through interspecific hybridization.     

十三年小麦品种抗叶锈性鉴定工作进展(1973—1986)

本文是十三年来小麦品种抗叶锈性鉴定工作的系统总结。十三年来在温室和田间共测定了小麦材料6798份(次),鉴定出一批抗叶锈病的中间材料和抗源,为培育和推广抗锈良种提供了抗锈材料,并提出应压缩种植面积的感病品种,和不应采用的感病材料,对生产和抗病育种有积极的指导意义。在理论和方法上指出了测定品种抗锈性时应有群体观念,应研究品种与锈菌群体的关系。提出了生态类群概念和指出测定抗锈性时应注意在不同生态条件下形成的锈菌的群体毒性可能不同。此外还提出不仅研究个体品种的抗锈性,还应研究几个品种的联合抗病性等,为提高抗病育种的功效,提供了理论依据和新的工作方法。     

花生种质资源抗花生锈病初步鉴定

本文总结了“六五”和“七五”期间,对4000多份花生种质资源抗锈性的鉴定结果。国内资源2508份,表现高抗和中抗的分别为21份和237份;国外资源1644份,表现高抗和中抗的分别为234和188份。不同类型的品种以及不同地区来源的花生品种,其抗性表现不同,即使是同一品种,在不同国家和地区,其抗性表现也不完全一致,本试验还从珍珠豆型花生品种中鉴定出抗锈资源,并首次对龙生型花生进行抗锈性鉴定。     

豫西山楂锈病病原鉴定·病害流行规律及发病条件研究

对豫西山楂锈病的病原鉴定、病害流行规律及发病条件进行了研究。结果表明：山楂锈病病原菌有2种,一种为梨胶锈菌山楂专化型（Gymnosporangium haraeamum Syd.F.sp.Crataegicola）,另一种为珊瑚胶锈菌[Gymnosporangium clavariiforme（Jacq） DC.],优势种为梨胶锈菌山楂专化型,其冬孢子萌发适温为10-25℃,担孢子萌发适温为15-25℃;该病菌以菌丝体在桧柏针叶、小枝及主干上部组织上的菌瘿中越冬,以担孢子借风雨和气流传播侵染危害;早春降雨有利于山楂锈病病菌的传播与侵染。     

杨树的不同派别及杂交种对山、青杨锈病抗病差异

本文通过人工接种和146种树杨(包括杂交种)自然发病情况的调查,研究分析了杨树的不同派别和杂交后代对山杨锈病(Melampsora LaricisHart.)和青杨锈病(M. Laric-populina Kleb.)两种锈病的抗病差异。两种锈病的为害以派为界,寄生范围互补,不混同发生;不同派别的杨树对这两种锈病的感病性具有明显的差异。杂交杨只能感染这种锈病的一种,究竟感染那种锈病,关键看母本,与父本无关;感病程度则与父本和母本均有相关性。这一结论和文中所附的各种杨树的病情调查结果同相,为各地推广杨树优良品种和在培育抗锈品种如何选择亲本提供了有价值的参考依据。