牛TLR4基因的遗传多态性与乳房炎的关联分析

TLR4通过识别病原体而激活免疫细胞，在先天免疫和适应性免疫防御中起着重要作用。以中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共397头为研究对象，利用创造酶切位点PCR法扩增243bp的目的片段，通过限制性内切酶HinfⅠ酶切来检测TLR4第3外显子的多态性，结果发现扩增产物的27bp处C到T的突变使得多态位点产生，编码的氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸。A、B2个等位基因在3个群体中均有分布，A等位基因占优势（大于78％），经χ^2适合性检验，三河牛在该位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。运用SAS8．2软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型，将该基因座不同基因型与奶牛乳房炎进行了关联分析，结果表明：AA基因型为乳房炎抗性基因型（P〈0．05），A等位基因为乳房炎抗性的有利基因。     

山羊FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列多态性对产羔性状的影响

为了研究山羊FSHR基因对产羔性状的影响,用RFLP-PCR法对多胎和单胎布尔山羊、关中奶山羊和萨能奶山羊母羊FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列进行了多态性检测。结果发现,FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列经PstⅠ、HaeⅢ、SinⅠ和TaqⅠ酶切,在多胎母羊和单胎母羊群体中均未表现出多态性;不同山羊群体FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列中各存在一些碱基的差异,但这些差异均未影响FSHR基因的转录和山羊的产羔性状。说明所检测的FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列这些酶切位点与山羊的产羔性状之间没有遗传连锁关系。     

Biochemical and molecular diagnosis of insecticide resistance conferred by esterase, MACE, kdr and super-kdr based mechanisms in Italian strains of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

In this paper we analysed the basis of insecticide resistance in 59 Italian strains of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae using both molecular and biochemical assays. Our data as a whole clearly indicate that most M. persicae strains (76.3%) have high or extremely high production of an esterase enzyme which sequester and detoxify insecticides with esteric group. Kdr genotypes conferring resistance towards pyrethoids are present in 57.7% of the analysed populations. Moreover, 26.5% of the kdr positive strains possess also the M918T mutation conferring super-kdr phenotype. Strains with modified AChE (MACE) are not so numerous (27.1%), although they can be found almost everywhere in Italy. Considering all the strains analysed, both MACE and kdr phenotypes are associated with high levels of esterase activity. In Central–Southern regions, kdr and MACE resistance mechanisms resulted in linkage disequilibrium. Bioassays performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of a pyrethroid insecticide against a strain possessing a F979S mutation within its para-type sodium channel gene suggests that this amino acid substitution could affect the sodium channel responsivity to pyrethroids.     

副猪嗜血杆菌分离与基因分型鉴定

本研究选择6个具有明显多发性浆膜炎等症状的猪场,从患猪肺支气管中分离获得6株副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPs),采用RFLP-PCR针对tbpA基因进行基因型鉴定。结果显示,6个分离株属于4种不同的HPs基因型,证明我国HPs流行株存在多种基因型,采用PCR-RFLP分析副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学规律,具有实用意义。     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.