Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of growth period traits and plant height traits in soybean recombinant inbred lines from Dongnong 47 × PI 317334-B

High and stable yield is the main goal of soybean genetic improvement. In this study, association analysis was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the plant height, and soybean growth period using 182 SSR markers in the RIL population of 136 F_4:8 lines, which developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive cultivar ‘Dongnong 47’ and photoperiod-sensitive variety PI317334–B. The results showed that 33 QTLs related to soybean growth period and plant height traits were detected by compound interval mapping, and were located on 12 linkage groups including N, C1, C2, J, D1a, B2, E, G, A2, O, L, I, with the contribution rate of 7.85–33.84%. These QTL loci and linkage markers related to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, would be helpful to identify key genes that control soybean photoperiod sensitivity, and provide an important basis for the breeding of new photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties based on molecular design breeding.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.     

抗旱节水小麦分子遗传育种研究进展

干旱缺水等自然灾害会导致小麦产量年度间变幅较大,尤其在小麦主产区黄淮地区更为严重。小麦抗旱节水育种是应对干旱的重大措施。本综述对小麦抗旱节水常规育种、抗旱节水分子遗传育种相关性状QTL定位、抗旱相关功能基因克隆鉴定、转基因等方面的研究进展进行了综述。水旱亲本杂交与异地交叉选择是卓有成效的常规育种方法,通过分子标记鉴定了关于根重、根长、胚芽鞘、高水分利用效率等相关性状的大量QTL;42个抗旱相关基因被克隆并进行基因功能分析和验证,均从不同代谢通路上影响着小麦抗旱性;14个来自不同供体的抗旱相关基因被研究者导入小麦品种后,转基因小麦植株的抗旱能力均得到不同程度的提高,部分植株在产量和其它抗逆性方面也得到提高。以上研究进展为抗旱节水小麦分子设计育种提供了理论依据和发展方向。     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.     

玉米单倍体高自然加倍材料吉Gjb335DH3的遗传分析与QTL初定位研究

玉米单倍体育种技术加倍率低的问题是单倍体育种技术应用限制条件。本研究以雄穗低自然加倍材料DHL287为母本、雄穗高自然加倍材料吉Gjb335DH³为父本，构建单倍体雄穗高自然加倍群体。根据集群分离分析法（BSA，Bulked segregant analysis），结合SNP标记，使用滑动窗口分析3组BSA混池基因型数据，最终在1、3、4、5、7号染色体上筛选出23个与雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。其中，3组BSA混池结果都在1、3、4号染色体上定位到4个共有的显著QTL区段，说明4个QTL区段具有很强的重演性。同时，在5、7号染色体上分别定位到3个、2个与单倍体雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。     

利用重组自交系高密度遗传图谱定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL

为定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL,本实验以双季超级稻品种‘五丰优T025’的双亲‘五丰B’和‘昌恢T025’杂交衍生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群体为材料,对10℃低温处理的水稻幼芽的存活率、根数、根长和芽长进行了测定。利用QTL Icimapping v4.2软件,共检测到3个控制芽期耐冷性QTL：qRL1、qRL2和qBL6,分别位于第1、2、6染色体上,LOD值分别为2.98,2.51和5.26,分别解释表型变异的10.54%,8.67%和14.04%,其增效等位基因均来自于亲本‘昌恢T025’。这些QTL定位在6.75k~40.05 kb染色体区间,为后续利用这些QTL进行分子标记辅助,选育芽期耐冷籼稻新品种奠定了基础。此外,检测到13对影响水稻芽期耐冷上位性互作QTL,分布在所有12条染色体,其中第3染色体与第8染色体之间互作位点可解释的表型变异率达到21.77%,表明上位性互作QTL在调控水稻芽期耐冷过程中也发挥了重要作用。     

籼稻C84和粳稻春江16B重组自交系遗传图谱构建及籽粒性状QTL定位与验证

【目的】本研究旨在挖掘水稻粒型新基因、探索其分子机理,解析籽粒发育调控遗传网络奠定基础,并为通过分子标记聚合有利基因开展超级稻分子设计育种提供理论依据。【方法】以植株和籽粒形态差异较大的晚粳稻品种春江16B(CJ16B）和广亲和中籼稻背景恢复系C84为亲本构建含有188个家系的重组自交系为作图群体,利用158对在双亲中存在多态性差异的分子标记,构建了遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1428.40cM,平均标记间距为9.04cM。在构建遗传图谱的基础上,完成RIL188个株系籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重等5个性状考查并进行QTL定位。【结果】在海南陵水和浙江杭州两地共检测到籽粒相关主效QTL30个,包括籽粒QTL新座位18个,解释遗传变异3.51%~17.25%。其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比QTL位点分别为9个、5个、5个和6个,千粒重QTL位点5个。经基因座位比对,发现有5个QTL区间与已克隆的调控籽粒形态相关基因座位相近,我们通过对双亲目标基因的测序并根据差异位点设计dCAPs分子标记进行验证。【结论】该RIL群体及其遗传图谱可用于水稻重要农艺性状主效QTL基因的定位和克隆,新定位的18个粒型QTL可以为水稻籽粒发育调控网络提供补充和资料积累。     

Identification and QTL mapping of Z550, a rice backcrossed inbred line with increased grains per panicle

An elite backcrossed inbred line Z550 with increased grains per panicle was identified from advanced backcrosses between Nipponbare and Xihui 18 by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-assisted selection (MAS). Z550 carries 13 substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, with an average substitution length of 1.68 Mb. Compared with the Nipponbare parental line, plant height, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, and grain weight for Z550 were significantly increased. While the grain width of Z550 was significantly narrower, and the seed setting ratio (81.43%) was significantly lower than that of Nipponbare, it is still sufficient for breeding purposes. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping for important agronomic traits was conducted with the F₂ population derived from Nipponbare crossed with Z550 using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. A total of 16, including 12 previously unreported QTLs were detected, with contribution rates ranging from 1.46 to 10.49%. Grains per panicle was controlled by 8 QTLs, 5 of which increased number of grains whereas 3 decreased it. qGPP-1, with the largest contribution (10.49%), was estimated to increase grains per panicle by 30.67, while qGPP-9, with the minimum contribution rate (2.47%), had an effect of increasing grains per panicle by 15.79. These results will be useful for further development of single segment substitution lines with major QTLs, and for research of their molecular functions via QTL cloning.     

基于高密度遗传连锁图谱定位玉米子粒容重及相关性状QTL

利用玉米优良自交系农系531和X178杂交构建的200份RIL群体,基于GBS技术获得SNP标记构建高密度的重组bin遗传连锁图谱,定位控制玉米子粒容重相关QTL。结果表明,构建的物理图谱和遗传图谱的总长度分别为2 017.03 Mb和2 568.99 cM,相邻两个bin标记之间的平均物理距离和平均遗传距离分别为0.27 Mb和0.35 cM。运用所构建的遗传连锁图谱对RIL群体获得的所有目标性状进行连锁作图,两年共定位到4个与子粒容重相关的QTL位点,分别位于chr1、chr7和chr8上;穗部性状穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和出籽率两年分别共定位到了6、5、5、1、2个QTL位点,位点分布于chr1、chr2、chr3、chr4、chr5、chr7和chr8上。