The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

Contribution of flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of common and tartary buckwheat

The objective of this study was to characterize the flavonoid compounds found in the different grain parts of common and tartary buckwheat, and to determine the contribution of these flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of buckwheat. Eight flavonoid compounds were quantified and their antioxidant activity determined by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Of the flavonoid compounds identified rutin was the most abundant, particularly in tartary buckwheat, in which it comprised approximately 90% of total flavonoid content. Flavan-3-ols were detected in common but not tartary buckwheat, and quercetin was detected only in tartary buckwheat. Flavonoid content—in particular, levels of rutin, orientin, and/or epicatechin gallate—was found to influence the total antioxidant activity of buckwheat. Results from this study indicate that antioxidant activity is not only closely associated with flavonoid content, but that different flavonoids contribute differently to the total antioxidant activity of common and tartary buckwheat.     

The inhibitory effect of quercitrin gallate on iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in Balb/c mice

Quercetin 3-O-β-(2"-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a naturally occurring quercitrin gallate, which is a polyphenolic compound that was originally isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae). QGR has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of QGR on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated Balb/c mice. To accomplish this, 10 mg/kg of QGR was administered via gavage once a day for 3 days. iNOS was then induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Six hours after the LPS treatment the animals were sacrificed under ether anethesia. The serum levels of NO were then measured to determine if QGR exerted an inhibitory effect on NO production in vivo. LPS induced an approximately 6 fold increase in the expression of NO. However, oral administration of QGR reduced the LPS induced increase in NO by half. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the increased levels of iNOS expression that occurred in response to treatment with LPS were significantly attenuated in response to QGR pretreatment. Histologically, LPS induced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in portal veins and sinusoids and caused the formation of a large number of necrotic cells; however, pretreatment with QGR attenuated these LPS induced effects. Taken together, these results indicate that QGR inhibits iNOS expression in vivo as well as in vitro and has antiinflammatory potentials.     

没食子酸辛酯标准样品的研制

研究了没食子酸辛酯标准样品的制备、均匀性和稳定性及其定值试验。将没食子酸辛酯工业品用无水乙醇溶解,再用纯水稀释后重结晶,得到高纯度的没食子酸辛酯标准样品。没食子酸辛酯含量测定采用液相色谱面积归一化法。所研制的没食子酸辛酯标准样品通过了均匀性检验和稳定性检验(6个月)。经定值检测,该标准样品的质量分数为99.472 0%,不确定度为0.03%。     

五倍子提取物对蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响

挑选1500只34周龄罗曼粉蛋鸡,随机均分为3个处理组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加了300 mg/kg的五倍子单宁酸(GTA)和没食子酸丙酯(PG)的基础饲粮,预试期1周,正试期8周,探究饲喂GTA和PG对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,饲粮添加GTA和PG对蛋鸡产蛋性能无显著影响;饲粮添加GTA能显著改善试验8周时的蛋黄着色,但饲粮添加GTA和PG对蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄比例、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响;饲粮添加GTA能显著降低蛋鸡血浆中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)和胆固醇(TC)的含量,有降低葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL–C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL–C)水平的趋势;饲粮添加PG能显著降低血浆TP和ALB水平,有降低GLU、GLB、TG、TC和HDL–C水平的趋势;饲粮添加GTA和PG对蛋鸡血清肝损伤指标(谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性)和抗氧化指标(超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和丙二醛含量)均无显著影响,但饲粮添加GTA能显著降低血清细胞炎症因子(白细胞介素–1、白细胞介素–6、肿瘤坏死因子–?)水平,饲粮添加PG可提高血清免疫球蛋白Y、M质量浓度。可见,在本研究条件下,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的GTA和PG对罗曼粉蛋鸡的产蛋性能无显著影响,但GTA能提高蛋黄着色;饲粮添加GTA下调蛋鸡血脂、血浆蛋白及血清炎症因子水平的作用均大于PG的;饲粮添加PG可提升机体的免疫水平。     

Green tea flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins inhibit the motility of infective larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro

The effects of a hot water infusion and an aqueous acetone extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the motility of infective larvae of the sheep nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were investigated under in vitro conditions. The infusion and extract dose-dependently inactivated the infective larvae as assessed by the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. To determine the components responsible for the inhibitory activity, the hot water infusion and aqueous acetone extract of green tea were fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 and the green tea extract fractions (GTE-I-VIII) characterised by mass spectrometry. The larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations of these GTE fractions. Fractions containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidin oligomers were most effective. GTE fractions were more effective against T. circumcincta than T. colubriformis larvae as assessed by the LMI assay.     

茶多酚体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶中重要的活性物质,具有多种保健功效,例如预防代谢综合症、癌症以及神经退行性疾病等。茶多酚体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)与茶多酚的健康功效紧密相关。本文综述了近年来荼多酚体内ADME的研究结果,表明EGCG在人体内的相对生物利用度并不低于小鼠,灌胃给药后肠道中的EGCE含量最高,而在脑组织中的分布极少;同时可以发现肝脏是体内EGCG的主要处置器官,之后通过胆汁排泄。对于2种儿荼素而言,非酯型儿茶素(EC和EGC)口服后在体内相对生物利用度高于酯型儿茶素(EGCG和ECG)。系统地比较了荼多酚在人体及其他动物模型中的代谢规律,为进一步研究和开发茶多酚提供参考。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和茶黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫耐温性的影响

为探究绿茶和红茶中的代表性组分对秀丽隐杆线虫在不同温度条件下的作用效果及机制,试验设置0.25、2.5、25 μmol/L 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）和茶黄素（theaflavin,TF1）,测定线虫在4 ℃和35 ℃条件下的存活率,进而测定在4 ℃、20 ℃和30 ℃条件下经25 μmol/L EGCG和TF1孵育后线虫体内脂肪含量和线粒体膜电位的变化。结果显示,25 μmol/L EGCG将热应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了8.15%、22.44%,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别降低了20.25%、17.94%。25 μmol/L TF1对热应激线虫的存活率无显著影响,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了9.43%、19.01%。在4 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1孵育均提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量,TF1孵育降低了线虫的线粒体膜电位水平。在20 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1具有明显的降脂作用,长时间孵育可显著提高衰老线虫线粒体活性。在30 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量。以上结果表明,在低温条件下TF1通过促进线粒体产热而非脂肪动员提高了线虫的存活率,而EGCG孵育可诱导线虫死亡。     

使君子化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离纯化技术,对使君子的化学成分进行了提纯,并采用波谱和理化分析方法对提取的化合物进行了结构鉴定。结果表明,从使君子中共分离得到12种化合物,其分别为单硬脂酸甘油脂(Ⅰ)、单棕榈酸甘油脂(Ⅱ)、赤桐甾醇(Ⅲ)、1-亚油酸-棕榈酸-甘油酯(Ⅳ)、豆甾醇(Ⅴ)、熊果甲酯(Ⅵ)、白桦脂酸(Ⅶ)、没食子酸乙酯(Ⅷ)、没食子酸(Ⅸ)、丁二酸(Ⅹ)、苯甲酸(Ⅺ)和蔗糖(Ⅻ)。其中化合物Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅷ,Ⅺ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

鲁米诺-高碘酸钠-没食子酸丙酯化学发光体系的研究

根据碱性介质中没食子酸丙酯对鲁米诺-高碘酸钠具有较强的增敏作用,建立了化学发光测定没食子酸丙酯的分析方法.结果表明,没食子酸丙酯在8.0× 10-7～1.0× 104 g/L范围内与化学发光强度存在线性关系(R2=0.998 2),对1.0×10-5 g/L没食子酸丙酯溶液测定11次,检出限达到6.4×10-7g/L,RSD为1.61％.该方法可用于食用调和油中没食子酸丙酯的快速测定.