利用响应面法优化椰子风味发酵乳加工工艺

本文以脱脂乳和椰浆为原料进行风味发酵乳的制备。以感官评定为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,选取UHT椰浆添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间进行试验,利用响应面法对椰子风味发酵乳的最佳配方进行优化。结果表明,对风味发酵乳的影响程度最大的因子是UHT椰浆添加量,其次为发酵时间。椰浆发酵乳的最佳配方为椰浆添加量16.5%,发酵温度45℃,发酵时间8h。以此配方制成的椰浆发酵乳,感官评分为45.56,产品颜色均匀,口感顺滑细腻,有浓郁的奶香、椰香风味和滋味。     

Implementation of an easily reconfigurable dynamic simulator for recirculating aquaculture systems

Methodology of Programmable Process Structures has been implemented and applied for the flexible automatic generation and simulation of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. First, we implemented and validated the model for a pilot unit, based on short time experiments with Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), utilizing data and functionalities from the literature. Afterwards, starting from this model we generated a hypothetical single tank model of simulated increasing volume, to demonstrate how it supports the simplified, preliminary analysis, design and control of the possible multi-stage systems. We showed that the simulation of a single tank with an appropriately increasing volume makes possible to study the various control strategies, as well as to design the structure and the grading strategy of the multi-stage systems, without an increased combinatorial complexity. In the knowledge of the simulated increasing volume, we determined the volumes of subsequent stages by equidistant partitioning of the rearing time, algorithmically. Considering the available (or planned) tank volumes, this method makes possible to design a multi-stage system that approximately corresponds to the previously optimized single tank model. This conclusion was illustrated by the generation and simulation of the model for the respective multi-stage system.     

大型薄壳制件真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺充模方案仿真分析及优化

针对大型树脂基复合材料制件不适于用实验试错法进行充模方案设计的问题,在分析树脂流动规律的基础上将大型薄壳件的求解区域分解,仿真分析了不同充模方案下树脂在纤维中的流动行为和模腔内压力变化,提出在制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法,选择和优化大型薄壳制件的充模方案。结果表明:①对于不便进行实验试错法进行真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺充模方案设计的大型薄壳制件,可以采用数值模拟的方式,以达西定律、能量守恒定律等为计算依据,求解压力场和速度场,对比不同仿真方案的充模时间等数据合理安排注胶方式方法,指导VARTM工艺制备大型复合材料制件合理安排注胶方式,提高生产率、减少因树脂浸润不均匀产生的缺陷。②对于大型薄壳类制件,忽略厚度方向尺寸,影响充模时间的主要因素为流道长度和树脂流动距离。选取尽可能长的注胶流道,合理设置流道位置以减少树脂流动的距离;长流道可以增加树脂瞬时注入量、提高较长时间的压力差;而树脂流程越长,树脂前锋处压力损失越大,流速越慢。③试验提出了制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法。将大型薄壳工艺制件充模面积等分,注胶流道布置在垂直于制件长度方向的面积等分线上,可缩短充模时间并减少制件两端的树脂富集现象。对于较狭长部分可再次进行面积等分设置流道,以免造成树脂流程过长压力流失过多;而对于较宽阔部分不宜设置过多流道以免树脂前锋稳定前互相接触造成制件充模不均匀。     

基于层次分析法的LibGuides信息构建体系研究

针对LibGuides建设现状和存在的问题,提出包括信息内容、信息组织、框架结构、交流互动和建设模式5个维度18个指标的信息构建指标体系,并运用层次分析法构造递阶层次结构模型,结合专家咨询,将评价者的主观判断和实践经验导入模型,最后建立不同权重分配的定量化LibGuides信息构建体系,为科学、合理地构建LibGuides导引平台提供理论指导。     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

密集烤房装烟工艺研究

[目的]研究不同装烟方式的烘烤效果。[方法]以烤烟品种云烟87为材料,对传统挂杆、散叶插签、散叶网筐、框架式网格4种装烟方式的烘烤效果进行对比。[结果]装烟密度增加,单叶重相应增加。干烟烘烤成本最高的是挂杆烘烤,其次为框架式散叶烘烤,最低是散叶插签烘烤。从烤后经济性状看,散叶插签烘烤最低,散叶网筐最高,其次为框架式散叶烘烤。[结论]散叶网筐和框架式烘烤值得推广。     

苦参叶生物总碱提取工艺的优化及含量测定

[目的]优化苦参叶生物总碱的提取工艺,并测定其所含的生物碱含量。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法进行单因素试验和正交试验,考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数对苦参叶总生物碱含量的影响,并采用高效液相色谱法对生物碱含量进行测定。[结果]苦参叶生物总碱的最优提取工艺为:料液比1∶25,90℃水浴,80%乙醇,回流提取1次,提取时间2 h;苦参叶中苦参碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱含量较高。[结论]紫外分光光度法的生物总碱提取率高,稳定性、重现性好;苦参叶含有5种指标性成分,其中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量总和符合药典规定含量,叶的潜在应用价值大,为苦参叶的研发提供理论依据。     

不同发酵条件对荔枝产香菌发酵茶品质的影响

经过长时间的工艺优化,国内不同地区的黑茶风味已趋于稳定,为了进一步改善发酵茶品质,生产更具特色的发酵茶,利用课题组前期已筛选出的一株适用于茶叶发酵的优良产香菌ZYF3单菌发酵青砖茶原料(一芽四五叶)。在实验室条件下,以灭菌后青砖茶为发酵原料,探究该菌株在不同接菌量、不同茶坯含水量、不同发酵温度和不同发酵时间下对发酵茶感官品质和理化品质的影响。结果表明:在不同发酵条件下,产香菌ZFY3发酵茶品质差异显著,当接种量为1.2%～1.3%(mL/g)、茶坯含水率为45%、发酵温度为32℃、发酵时间为20 d时,发酵茶综合品质最佳。不同发酵条件能明显改善荔枝产香菌发酵茶品质,并且促进发酵茶特殊风味的形成。     

履带拖拉机变速箱壳体生产线技术改造

介绍中国一拖集团有限公司为满足履带拖拉机多样性的市场需求对已有生产线进行技术改造,使其成为适合年产5 000件以上制造能力的51.5～117.6 kW区间多品种履带拖拉机变速箱壳体柔性生产线。     

奥运前期北京市一次典型颗粒物生消过程分析

[目的]探讨奥运前期北京市一次典型过程中细颗粒物的生消规律。[方法]利用中国环科院站点的颗粒物在线监测数据、同期气象观测数据,结合美国怀俄明州立大学网上探空资料和数值预报图等,对2008年8月3～11日北京市一次典型颗粒物生消过程进行了分析。[结果]在颗粒物累积过程中,颗粒物呈现逐步老化现象;此次过程主要受大尺度的天气背景影响,且近地面的小风静风、高湿等气象条件不利于污染扩散;持续偏南气流将河北省、天津市及山东的污染物带入北京;混合层高度与温度层结等对污染有重要影响。[结论]该研究为空气污染过程中影响颗粒物生消过程的因素探讨提供理论依据。