耐受自身代谢产物及耐二甲基亚砜红霉素高产菌株的选育

为提高红霉素发酵单位,考察了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)添加时间和体积分数对红霉素合成的影响,采用筛选自身代谢产物突变株的方法,将突变株进行常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变和耐受高浓度DMSO处理。结果显示,在36 h向发酵瓶中添加30000μg/m L红霉素,筛选得到化学效价比对照提高22.4%的菌株。DMSO最适添加时间为发酵48 h,最适添加剂量为0.2%,其可提高发酵单位10.1%。     

Spice oil cinnamaldehyde exhibits potent anticandidal activity against fluconazole resistant clinical isolates

Fluconazole resistance is becoming an important clinical concern. We studied the in vitro effects of cinnamaldehyde against 18 fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. MIC₉₀ of cinnamaldehyde against different Candida isolates ranged 100–500 μg/ml. Growth and sensitivity of the organisms were significantly affected by cinnamaldehyde at different concentrations. The rapid irreversible action of this compound on fungal cells suggested membrane-located targets for its action. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that cinnamaldehyde exerts its antifungal activity by targeting sterol biosynthesis and plasma membrane ATPase activity. Inhibition of H⁺-ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. Toxicity against H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. The observed selectively fungicidal characteristics against fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates signify a promising candidature of this essential oil as an antifungal agent in treatments for candidosis.     

干旱胁迫对蒲公英渗透调节物质、酶保护系统及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因表达的影响

为了揭示蒲公英在干旱胁迫下渗透调节和酶保护系统的作用机理以及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的表达特征,采用盆栽控水试验,研究了不同干旱胁迫RWC=(90±5)%、RWC=(75±5)%、RWC=(50±5)%下蒲公英渗透调节物质、酶保护系统以及质膜水孔蛋白基因的相关表达。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加重,蒲公英叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸的含量显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著提高,在轻度胁迫(MS)中呈持续上升的趋势,重度胁迫(SS)中则呈现先升高后下降的趋势(可溶性糖除外);质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的相对表达量上调,轻度胁迫(MS)显著高于重度胁迫(SS)。复水7 d后,渗透调节物质的积累以及SOD的含量下降,但仍显著高于CK,POD、CAT的含量以及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的相对表达量恢复正常,说明在干旱胁迫条件下蒲公英通过增加渗透调节物质的积累,提高酶保护系统的活性来增强植株的抗逆性,上调质膜水孔蛋白基因的相对表达量来加强水分运输能力。     

一株产胶霉菌素菌株的ARTP诱变及筛选

试验旨在选育出胶霉菌素高产菌株,以胶霉菌素产生菌TY-009为初始菌株,利用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变技术对产胶霉菌素的绿色木霉菌株进行诱变处理,并设置时间梯度,检测不同处理时间样品的胶霉菌素产量。通过平板筛选以及摇瓶复筛选出8株正突变菌株,其中产率最高达到0.86 mg/m L,较初始菌株的产率提高了45.76%。ARTP诱变方法快速、高效,对绿色木霉菌株的诱变效果良好,在提高胶霉菌素产量方面有很好的应用前景。     

表面技术在内燃机气缸套中的新进展

论述了气缸套的失效机理,针对这一缺点,较全面地阐述了当前表面技术在气缸套上的应用现状,并提出了未来气缸套的发展方向.为同行提供了参考和启迪,也为拓宽热喷涂技术的应用指明了一个方向.     

等离子体脉冲荷电喷雾装置

设计了一套用于荷电喷雾的高压脉冲电源和等离子发生环 ,详细介绍了脉冲电源电路、电极结构和脉冲荷电喷雾系统 ,分析了脉冲电源的荷电原理 ,检测了系统的荷质比。理论分析和试验结果表明 :在同样试验条件下 ,脉冲电源优于普通直流高压电源 ,具有起晕电压低、能耗省、工作平稳、结构紧凑等特点 ,可靠、经济、实用     

等离子体处理玉米对化肥利用率的影响

2004年在吉林省桦甸市桦郊乡进行了等离子体种子4种不同剂量、6个处理区的试验。经过在拔节期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明应用等离子体种子处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进玉米吸收养分，（N＋P2O5＋K2O）总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率即提高氮肥、磷肥和钾肥利用率为7.4%~8.2%、 11.3%~19.7%和 15.7%~23.5%。明确了等离子体种子处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产8.2%，效果显著。     

苋菜,油菜和芹菜矿物元素含量的研究

本文用ICPS-1000Ⅱ型等离子光谱仪,分别测定了苋菜、油菜、芹菜中的钾、钠、钙、镁、磷、铜、铁、锌、锰、锶十种元素的含量,标准曲线浓度与强度的相关系数(r=0.999)。在几种蔬菜中苋菜铁的含量高,苋菜5个品种中棠东红最高,而且锌、铜、钙、镁等也比较高。测定的7种油菜中,徐州苔菜锌铜比、锰铜比及锌铜锰总量高于其它品种。     

等离子体处理茄子种子对产量及产值的效果分析

等离子体处理茄子种子的研究结果表明,等离子体处理的茄子种子,明显提高种子的发芽势、出苗率、出苗期干重、开花率、坐果率;促进坐果期和成熟期提前1～2 d;增产、增收效果显著。为该项技术的广泛应用,提供理论依据。     

Effect of hot-iron disbudding on behaviour and plasma cortisol of calves sedated with xylazine

We investigated cortisol and behaviour for the first hour after hot-iron disbudding of calves aged 37 ± 4 days: disbudded after i/m xylazine (n = 10); disbudded after i/m xylazine and regional anaesthesia with lidocaine (n = 10); sham-disbudded after xylazine and lidocaine (n = 11); sham-disbudded after i/m saline and lidocaine (n = 10). Xylazine-treated groups had higher cortisol than saline-treated animals and showed no differences among them at any time. Sham-disbudded calves with xylazine had lower cortisol at 60 min compared with all other times. Xylazine-alone disbudded calves struggled more during the procedure than all other groups. Xylazine-alone disbudded calves showed more ear-flicks at 10, 25 and 40 min and head-shakes at 40 min than all other groups. We conclude that cortisol should not be used as an indicator of pain in disbudded calves while under the sedative effect of xylazine and that some behaviours during and after the procedure are useful in showing that xylazine alone does not control hot-iron disbudding pain.