外源氯化钙对低温胁迫下胡椒抗寒生理指标的影响

以中国胡椒主栽品种‘热引1号’胡椒为材料,设置4个不同浓度氯化钙（7、14、21、28 mmol/L）处理,以去离子水为对照,低温胁迫4 d（10 ℃/5 ℃,12 h/12 h）,恢复培养6 d（28 ℃/20 ℃,12 h/12 h）,观察表型并测定各处理的光合参数、抗氧化酶活性及渗透性物质含量变化情况。结果表明：7 mmol/L氯化钙处理胡椒可以改善寒害表型,随氯化钙浓度升高寒害表型逐渐加重;外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著改善胡椒的净光合速率,随氯化钙浓度升高,净光合速率越来越低,氯化钙浓度过高时（达到28 mmol/L）净光合速率低于CK;与CK相比,外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著提高抗氧化酶活性、增加可溶性糖含量、降低丙二醛含量。随处理浓度升高,抗氧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量越来越低,丙二醛含量越来越高。本研究结果为胡椒生产上抗寒技术指导和抗寒分子育种提供了参考。     

胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶Pn4CL基因的克隆及表达分析

根据胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶（4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, 4CL）基因的部分序列设计引物,运用RACE方法获得其家族成员的1个全长cDNA,命名为Pn4cl,长度2130 bp,开放阅读框1638 bp,编码545个氨基酸。预测Pn4CL分子量为59.57 kDa,理论等电点为5.70。该基因含有AMP-binding（AMP-binding enzyme）、CaiC[Acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) /AMP-acid ligaseⅡ]、PLN02246、AFD-class I等结合域,具有植物4CL所共有的保守结构域。系统进化分析表明,Pn4CL与北细辛的同源性最高,同时与木兰分支类植物的4CL聚类在一起,与菊分支的进化距离较近,与蔷薇分支的进化距离较远。亚细胞定位表明,该蛋白定位在细胞膜上。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,该基因受外援激素SA和MeJA诱导表达,同时接种辣椒疫霉菌后,Pn4CL基因的表达量在抗/感2种胡椒中均出现先增加后减少的现象,并且在抗病种质中表达量较高。研究结果为Pn4CL的功能研究提供了理论依据。     

Nutrient stocks of short-term fallows on a high base status soil in the humid tropics of Papua New Guinea

In order to understand nutrient dynamics in tropical farming systems with fallows, it is necessary to assess changes in nutrient stocks in plants, litter and soils. Nutrient stocks (soil, above ground biomass, litter) were assessed of one-year old fallows with Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrica in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. The experiment was conducted on a high base status soil (Typic Eutropepts), and in Papua New Guinea such soils are intensively used for agriculture. Soil samples were taken prior to fallow establisment and after one year when the fallows were slashed and above ground biomass and nutrients measured. The above ground and litter biomass of piper was 13.7 Mg dry matter ha^-1, compared to 23.3 Mg ha^-1 of gliricidia and 14.9 Mg ha^-1 of imperata. Gliricidia produced almost 7 Mg ha^-1 wood. Total above ground biomass returned to the soil when the fallows were slashed was the same for piper and gliricidia (8 Mg ha^-1). Gliricidia accumulated the largest amounts of all major nutrients except for K, which was highest in the above ground piper biomass. Imperata biomass contained the lowest amount of nutrients. The largest stocks of C, N, Ca and Mg were found in the soil, whereas the majority of P was found in the above ground biomass and litter. Almost half of the total K stock of piper and gliricidia was in the biomass. During the fallow period, soil organic C significantly increased under gliricidia fallow whereas no net changes occurred in piper and imperata fallows. The study has shown large differences in biomass and nutrient stocks between the two woody fallows (piper, gliricidia) and between the woody fallows and the non-woody fallow (imperata). Short-term woody fallows are to be preferred above grass (imperata) fallows in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea because of higher nutrient stocks.     

Biological activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) and its chemical constituents on Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae)

The results showed that the essential oil from Piper sarmentosum has strong antifeedant and toxicity effects on Brontispa longissima. The best antifeedant and contact toxicity effects were observed in the 1st-2nd instar larvae. The essential oil also displayed a notable fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. It took the control-treated insects 43.34 d to complete one generation, while the insects treated with 2000 mg/L essential oil needed 73.58 d. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 41 components were identified. Myristicin (65.22%) and trans-caryophyllene (13.89%) were the major components. Myristicin exhibited strong antifeedant and contact toxicity effects on both the 3rd instar larvae and the imagoes of B. longissima, when it showed a significant fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. Another P. sarmentosum essential oil and myristicin all showed a strong inhibiting effect on the growth and development of B. longissima along with the activity of AChE, CarE, GSTs and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase in B. longissima larvae.     

风藤优良地理种源的选择

收集南方5省26个风藤地理种源种子,在福建沙县进行优良种源选择试验.3年生风藤试验结果表明:风藤的主蔓长度、主蔓基径、生物量鲜质量、一级侧蔓数量和一级侧蔓长度等指标均存在极显著性差异,有较高的广义遗传力和变异系数;利用多目标决策方法进行地理种源评价,选择出福建沙县、福建尤溪、福建三元等3个风藤优良地理种源,3个当选优良地理种源的平均主蔓长度遗传增益为21.35%,平均生物量鲜质量遗传增益24.83%,平均主蔓基径遗传增益10.97%,平均一级侧蔓数量遗传增益24.68%,平均一级侧蔓长度遗传增益11.31%.     

模拟胃液条件下假蒟叶提取物抑制亚硝化反应的研究

[目的]研究不同溶剂的假蒟叶提取物对亚硝化反应的影响。[方法]在模拟胃液条件下,测定假蒟叶提取物亚硝酸盐清除率及亚硝胺合成阻断率。[结果]不同溶剂的假蒟提取物均有一定的抑制亚硝化反应作用,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制作用最强,且其对亚硝酸盐的清除率及对亚硝胺合成的阻断率在一定的浓度范围内随其浓度的增加而增加,对亚硝酸盐清除能力较强,其IC50值为0.425mg/ml,对亚硝胺合成阻断的能力相对较低,其IC50值为4.064 mg/ml。[结论]假蒟叶提取物具有较好的亚硝化反应抑制活性且主要通过清除底物亚硝酸盐来实现。     

穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]探索穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[方法]在福建沙县进行细叶青蒌藤扦插试验,研究穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[结果]穗条年龄、粗度与切口位置与方法对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的成苗率及新梢长度均有着极显著性差异性影响（P〈0．01）。1～2年的穗条的成苗率与梢长显著优于3～4年穗条的扦插繁殖效果（P〈0．05）;3～4年穗条的成苗率与梢长显著优于5年以上穗条的扦插繁殖效果（P〈0．05）。大于0．20cm粗度穗条扦插繁殖的成苗率与新梢长度显著优于小于0．20cm粗度穗条（P〈0．05）。节下1．5～2．5cm的插穗切口位置效果优于2．5～3．5cm的,单削斜口处理效果优于平剪处理。切口位置因素效应均大于切口处理因素,双因素的交互作用不显著（P〉0．05）。[结论]该试验进行了细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的穗条年龄、粗度、切口处理方面的研究,发现在节下1．5～2．5cm进行单削斜口的穗条处理结合效果最好。     

胡椒叶片营养诊断采样方法的研究

以印尼南榜为材料，进行胡椒叶片营养诊断采样方法研究。结果表明：当叶片所带花穗出现绿色小果占其长度１／３－１／２时，该叶片完全稳定（叶片从出鞘到完全稳定需要３０￣３５ｄ），从叶序算，它是倒数第２片时，此时倒数第１片嫩叶长３．０￣４．５ｃｍ、宽２．０￣２．５ｃｍ。以位于植株中部、阳面、短枝上的带花穗完全稳定叶为最佳采样叶；一年中以３￣４月和９￣１０月为采样时间。一天中除１２：００－１４：００时外，其它     

胡椒脱粒去皮机的设计

胡椒(Piper nigrum)的脱粒和去皮在生产白胡椒的时候需要消耗较大的人力,为了解决这个问题,设计了一种胡椒脱粒去皮机.胡椒脱粒去皮机以电动机作为动力机构,以带传动及轴传动方式进行动力的传输.设计的胡椒脱粒去皮机将胡椒的脱粒、去皮集为一体,工作效率能达到15 kg/h,可以提高白胡椒的制作效率,降低农民的劳动强度.