柑橘喷施叶面肥对柑橘木虱､柑橘潜叶蛾和炭疽病发生的影响

柑橘生产上叶面肥的使用很普遍?为了评估喷施叶面肥对柑橘新梢期的主要害虫柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri和柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella发生?为害的影响, 本文分别在养虫笼和网室条件下调查了以上2种害虫对喷不同叶面肥(尿素?复合氨基酸和葡萄糖)砂糖橘苗木的选择和为害, 以及柑橘炭疽病发生情况?试验结果表明:从木虱成虫选择性和产卵两个方面来看, 不同喷施处理的砂糖橘对木虱的吸引作用表现为尿素>复合氨基酸>葡萄糖>清水对照, 其中尿素和复合氨基酸处理吸引作用显著高于对照?喷施3种叶面肥后潜叶蛾为害程度均显著高于对照, 以葡萄糖处理的为害率和受害指数最高?另外, 尿素和复合氨基酸处理苗木的柑橘炭疽病病叶率和病情指数显著高于对照, 复合氨基酸处理病叶率显著高于葡萄糖?说明喷尿素?复合氨基酸叶面肥对柑橘木虱有较强的吸引作用, 同时加重柑橘炭疽病?另外, 与对照相比, 喷施3种叶面肥均能加重潜叶蛾的为害, 尤其是葡萄糖?     

13个柑桔栽培品种对柑桔潜叶蛾的抗性研究

对北碚447、丰脐、沙田柚等13个柑桔栽培品种进行虫情指数调查及自然接种,调查不同品种上的潜叶蛾的发育历期、各时期的死亡率。得到柑桔品种对潜叶蛾的影响多在卵期及3龄幼虫,而在1龄、2龄和4龄期不存在差异。     

植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素对柑橘潜叶蛾控制效果的研究

用植物性杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ(KPT乳油)有效成分30、15mg/kg防治柑橘潜叶蛾,采用离体叶片浸叶法处理5s,3d后,幼虫校正虫口减退率分别为89.63%、63.02%;枝梢浸液法处理5s,5d后,潜道伸长度校正抑制率分别为76.12%和41.51%;10d后,对秋梢的相对保叶效果分别为69.34%和52.29%。结果表明,采用KPT乳油有效成分30mg/kg对柑橘潜叶蛾有较好的控制作用,对柑橘秋梢有良好的保护效果。     

柑桔潜叶蛾的综合防治

柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)是为害柑桔新梢的主要害虫。主要从农业、化学和生物防治3个方面综述柑桔潜叶蛾的防治方法。概述农业、化学防治的主要研究内容;生物防治方面,论述国内外柑桔潜叶蛾的主要寄生性天敌寄生蜂和捕食性天敌种类、性引诱剂的使用、植物挥发性次生物质的利用、病原微生物的利用等方面在防治柑桔潜叶蛾中的研究概况,并讨论今后持续综合防治柑桔潜叶蛾的发展趋势,以为今后柑桔潜叶蛾持续综合治理提供参考。     

衢州柑橘潜叶蛾始见期的天气气候背景分析及其预测

分析柑橘潜叶蛾（Phyllocnistis citrella）始见期与天气气候背景的关系,并利用气象要素实况对其进行提前预测,以减轻潜叶蛾对柑橘的危害。应用1998-2009年NCEP/NCAR、气象信息综合分析处理系统MICAPS历史资料,对衢州柑橘潜叶蛾始见期进行大气环流、地面天气系统、低空急流等天气气候背景分析。结果表明：潜叶蛾早期（5-6月）和晚期（7-9月）迁移入侵,在4月份平均大气环流和平均温度场方面有明显的不同;潜叶蛾早期发生年初见日前,衢州连续受地面低压的影响;晚期发生年初见日与在浙江和闽北登陆台风有直接关系;在中国华南地区有西南或东部沿海有偏东急流出现,且维持2天以上。早期始见与前期积温、降水量、水汽压、相对湿度均呈正相关;利用气象要素实况建立潜叶蛾早期发生月预测模型和初见日5天滚动预报指标。     

柑橘园植保无人飞机低容量喷雾技术探索——以柑橘木虱和潜叶蛾防控为例

【目的】探索植保无人飞机（unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV）喷雾在柑橘冠层的雾滴沉积分布规律和无人机植保作业参数,并开展柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri）和潜叶蛾（Phyllocnistis citrella）无人飞机防控实效研究,评估防治效果、作业效率和综合效益,为UAV低空低容量喷雾技术的建立和在柑橘产区的应用提供依据。【方法】在丰产期的鸡尾葡萄柚园,将4行约100株自然圆头形树冠修剪成开心形,另选4行自然圆头形树冠作为对照。在采样植株冠层内部搭设立体网格架,网格架垂直方向分上、中、下3层,每层设置3×5共计15个采样点,每株树共计45个观察点,每个点放置两张4 cm×6 cm铜版纸卡作为雾滴承接载体。以0.5%诱惑红水溶液作为示踪剂,六旋翼UAV分别在不同飞行作业速度（v₁=0.7 m·s^-1、v₂=1.2 m·s^-1、v₃=1.7 m·s^-1）和不同作业高度（h₁=1.0 m、h₂=1.5 m、h₃=2.0 m）处理下喷雾。每次处理后采集纸卡,通过300 dpi分辨率扫描仪扫描,计算纸卡上诱惑红水溶液的铺展面积百分数,计为雾滴在柑橘叶片上的雾滴覆盖率,分析所喷洒雾滴在植株冠层的沉积分布规律,优选作业参数。以管道系统人工手持喷枪喷雾为对照,通过筛选出的优选作业参数开展柑橘木虱与潜叶蛾的UAV防控试验验证。施药日期依据果园气候和害虫发生情况确定,试验周期从2017年4月始到10月止,即此园春梢萌发到秋梢老熟的全部时期,其中包括了全年柑橘木虱和潜叶蛾危害高峰期。每次作业时,记录UAV和人工喷雾的作业量、耗费时间、用药量、用工人次、用水量、农药价格及其他支出等信息,喷药后每隔15 d左右调查一次虫口情况。【结果】柑橘园UAV喷雾施药,在兼顾作业效率和有效雾滴沉积的情况下,以开心形树冠、飞行高度1.0 m和飞行速度1.7 m·s^-1为作业参数,其作业雾滴穿透和分布效应较佳,平均雾滴覆盖率达19.1%;采用此作业参数,在柑橘园实施柑橘木虱与潜叶蛾的UAV防控试验,与人工喷雾作业相比,防治效果不存在显著性差异,但UAV喷雾作业的效率、总成本、施药量分别是人工喷雾的45倍、63.3%和10%。【结论】基于适宜的喷雾作业参数和树形结构的柑橘木虱和潜叶蛾多旋翼UAV飞防作业,可获得较好的防治效果,并且可显著提高作业效率、显著减少农药施用量,降低植保作业的综合成本。     

柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllonistis Citrella Stainton)生命表的组建与分析

本文应用生命表技术,通过对桔潜叶蛾(Phyllonistis CitrellaStainton)9个世代生命表资料的分析,探讨了桔潜叶蛾自然种群数量消长规律及其原因。结果表明,主导世代间种群数量变动的关键因子是作用于幼虫期的寄生蜂,(白星姬小蜂Elachenis Sp.)和捕食天敌(包括亚洲草蛉Chrysopa bonine-nis 中华草岭C.sinica、小花蝽Orius minutus)。在重庆地区,由于在该种群前六个世代期间,各死亡因子,特别是天敌因子作用甚微,种群趋势指数均大于1,从而导致种群数量迅速增长。此后,随着天敌因子作用的加强,种群趋势指数迅速降至1以下,种群数量急剧减少。研究结果显示,除捕食天敌外,主要死亡因子如叶片营养条件、病原微生物,寄生蜂的作用均具不同程度的密度依赖性,且是补偿不足的。     

Entomopathogenicity of native bacteria from Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata against the pest Phyllocnistis citrella

In Piura (Peru), the pest Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton damages the photosynthetic rate and new bud production of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle (sweet lemon), decreasing the yield, productivity and commercial price of its fruit. Biological control was evaluated through the crossed effect of bacteria obtained from pests (Anastrepha fraterculus Wied., Ceratitis capitata Wied. and Rhynchophorus palmarum L.) that are pathogenic against their original host species. Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards and Serratia marcescens Bizio (from A. fraterculus and C. capitata) and Pseudomonas mendocina Palleroni (from R. palmarum) were used against P. citrella. The bacterial strains were inoculated into its food and the accumulated mortality was evaluated. Larvae of P. citrella treated with P. mendocina had the highest mortality (66.7%). These bacterial species were entomopathogenic against the original source pest in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays, and this result widens the pathological activity range of these bacterial species.     

闹羊花素-III对几种害虫的生物活性研究

报道了闹羊花素 -III对柑桔潜叶蛾、致倦库蚊和柑桔全爪螨的生物活性 结果表明 ,闹羊花素 -III对柑桔潜叶蛾幼虫具有较好的拒食作用 ,处理后 2 4和 48h的AFC50 分别为 2 6 6 .6 0和 49.35 μg/mL ;对致倦库蚊 3龄幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用 ,处理 2 4h的LC50 为 0 .85 μg/mL;对柑桔全爪螨成虫处理后 2 4h的LC50 为 346 .0 0 μg/mL     

Establishment and dispersal of the parasitoids Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Semielacher petiolatus Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), introduced into Tunisia for the biological control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Abstract

A programme for the biological control of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) was carried out in Tunisia between 1996 and 1998. Two exotic parasitoids, Ageniaspis citricola (Logvinovskaya) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) and Semielacher petiolatus Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), were introduced from Australia, mass-reared in a greenhouse on Citrus aurantium L. seedlings infested with P. citrella, and released in different orchards located in the major citrus-growing area of Tunisia. In 1996, A. citricola was recovered in 39.13% of release sites, reaching a maximum percentage of parasitism of 28%. In 1997, the parasitoid was recovered in a third of all release points, with an average percentage of parasitism of 5%. However, the wasp was unable to survive the winter 1998, and has become extinct. The non-establishment of A. citricola may have been due to the more arid climatic conditions present during the rainless summer and most of the autumn in Tunisia. By contrast, the establishment, dispersal, and reduction in citrus leafminer population observed with S. petiolatus between 1997 and 1998 shows this species to be well-adapted to the Tunisian climate. The average percentage parasitism of P. citrella by S. petiolatus increased from 6.6% in 1997 to 15% in 1998. Moreover, S. petiolatus was established in 76% of release points in 1997 and in 82% in 1998. It spread as much as 30 km from some release points, with no apparent decline in parasitism levels with distance. Semielacher petiolatus is considered to be an effective biological control of the leafminer in Tunisia. Its biological control action would supplement the action of the native parasitoids Pnigalio sp. and Cirrospilus pictus Nees (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae).