不同苗龄楸树叶片营养成分的季节性变化

以楸树优良无性系杂楸1号和杂楸3号的1年生、 2年生和3年生苗龄的幼苗作为供试对象,测定不同季节叶片含水率、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、氨基酸以及次生代谢物黄酮、蒽醌类化合物的含量,对不同苗龄楸树在不同季节叶片营养成分进行综合评价.结果表明:8月的2年生和3年生杂楸1号、 8月的3年生杂楸3号和10月的2年生杂楸3号具有高产量、高含糖量、富含维生素C等优点,综合评价最高,可进行饲用营养研究.建议采摘2年生和3年生苗龄的楸树叶片,采摘时间为8月前后.     

旱季橡胶树魏克汉种质资源胶乳生理参数分析

以131份达到开割标准的魏克汉种质资源为试验材料，于2018年4月下旬开始割胶，5月下旬（旱季）采取单株胶乳，测定胶乳中的无机磷、硫醇、蔗糖、干胶、总固形物含量等参数，结合单刀胶乳产量和胸径围进行分析。结果表明，旱季橡胶树种质资源胶乳产量与胶乳中硫醇含量、总固形物含量的关系最为紧密。胶乳产量较高或较低的种质资源胶乳中硫醇含量对应较高或较低，总固形物含量对应较低或较高，反之亦然。相关性分析显示，胶乳产量与硫醇含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与无机磷、蔗糖、干胶、总固形物含量呈负相关，胸径围与胶乳产量呈正相关。其他季节胶乳产量与胶乳生理参数的关系还待进一步研究。     

Impact of Botryosphaeria,Diplodia and Neofusicoccum species on two Eucalyptus species and a hybrid: From pathogenicity to physiological performance

Species of Botryosphaeriaceae are associated with canker and dieback of Eucalyptus spp. worldwide, but little is known about their effect on the host physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates from nine species in three genera (Botryosphaeria, Diplodia and Neofusicoccum), previously isolated from eucalypts, on three different Eucalyptus hosts (seedlings of E. nitens, cuttings of E. globulusand of E. globulus× E. cypellocarpa). An approach combining standard pathogenicity trials with evaluation of plant morpho‐physiological parameters was used. The size of the lesions produced revealed differences in fungal aggressiveness and host susceptibility. Isolates of Neofusicoccum kwambonambienseand Diplodia corticolawere the most aggressive, while Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diplodia seriataisolates were the least aggressive. In general, hybrid E. globulus× E. cypellocarpa plants developed smaller lesions, followed by E. nitens and E. globulus. Eucalyptus nitensplants showed minimal modifications on the morpho‐physiological profile when infected, although more severe symptoms and mortality were observed. This is probably due to a more variable genetic background of the plants. However, in general, no direct association between putative fungal aggressiveness and plant physiological disorders could be found. Results suggested that under optimal growth conditions plants manage to cope with pathogen attack and maintain their physiological performance.     

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜生理指标及相关基因表达的影响

以薄皮甜瓜(IVF05、IVF89)和厚皮甜瓜(IVF117、IVF303)为试材,研究Na Cl(150 mmol·L~(-1))处理对4个甜瓜品种发芽、幼苗生长及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,在Na Cl胁迫下,薄皮甜瓜IVF89的生长指标受到的抑制作用最大,其发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降23百分点、76.24%、46.71%和39.27%;厚皮甜瓜IVF303的生长指标受到的抑制作用最小,其发芽率下降不明显,发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降46.52%、34.86%和23.08%;Na Cl胁迫提高了甜瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,增加了游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白的含量;4个甜瓜品种幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和SPAD值均显著降低,IVF05、IVF89、IVF117和IVF303的Pn分别下降了64.44%、69.62%、61.23%、60.00%;4个甜瓜品种的卡尔文循环(Calvin)关键酶基因1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶基因(CmRubisco)、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因(CmPGK)和叶绿体型果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶基因(Cm FBPase)表达均显著下调,核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶基因(Cm PRK)表达大多上调;甜瓜耐盐相关基因质膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(Cm SOS1)、液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(CmNHX1)、高亲和力K~+转运体基因(CmHKT1)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶基因(CmGnT)的表达均上调,其中IVF303的基因表达上调幅度最大。通过主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析等综合分析方法,将4个甜瓜品种分为3类,IVF05和IVF89为盐敏感类型,IVF117为中耐盐类型,IVF303为强耐盐类型。     

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

不同覆盖方式对马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响

依靠不同覆盖栽培方式对马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响研究,旨在探明陕北黄土旱作区不同覆盖方式增产增效的光合生理基础。通过2a(2012-2013)田间定位试验,采用垄膜覆盖(LM)、双沟覆膜(GM)、全膜覆盖(QM)、秸秆覆盖(JG)和露地(CK)5种覆盖栽培方式,测定分析马铃薯净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(Ci)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)和产量变化。结果表明:在马铃薯盛花期,P_n、T_r、G_s均值均表现为JGQMLMGMCK,Ci为JGLMQMGMCK,WUE为LMGMCKQMJG。其中,JG、QM、LM、GM的Pn分别较CK增加4.79%、1.84%、0.69%、0.29%,WUE分别较CK平均增加-8.15%、-1.30%、7.96%、2.59%;JG、QM、LM及GM分别比CK平均增产19.75%、8.95%、7.00%及-0.25%。综上表明,秸秆覆盖栽培方式可作为陕北旱作区推荐的马铃薯抗旱栽培方式。     

Evaluation of three non‐genetically modified soybean cultivars as ingredients and a yeast‐based additive as a supplement in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials and a physiology assessment were conducted to evaluate three non‐genetically modified (GM) soybean cultivars as ingredients in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, a commercially available fermented yeast product was evaluated as dietary supplement. For the growth trials (46 and 35 days, respectively, for trials 1 and 2), the basal diet was primarily composed of soybean meal (SBM), fishmeal (FM), whole wheat, corn protein concentrate, poultry meal (PM, pet food grade) and corn starch. Non‐GM cultivars were processed with novel methodologies to produce Navita? ingredients (N1, N2 and N3) which were incorporated at low (L) or high (H) levels into the experimental diets, in partial replacement of FM and full replacement of conventional SBM. The last two formulations incorporated the fermented yeast for a total of nine experimental diets (Table 1 ). Results from the growth trials indicate that shrimp fed diet 5 (HN2) exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain as compared to shrimp fed diets 1 and 2 (basal and LN1, respectively) in trial 1, as well as compared to animals fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 (basal, LN1, HN1 and basal + yeast) in trial 2. The feed conversion ratio significantly increased for shrimp fed diet 5, in contrast with shrimp fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 in trials 1 and 2, as well as compared to shrimp fed diets diet 6 (LN3) in trial 2. For the physiological assessment (stress and immune responses), only the effects of diets 1, 3, 8 and 9 (basal, HN1, basal + yeast and HN1 + yeast, respectively) were investigated. Granular cell counts were significantly higher for shrimp fed the yeast‐containing diets. Haemolymph glucose and haemolymph packed cell volume were significantly reduced for shrimp fed diets 3, 8 and 9. No significant differences were observed in total haemocyte counts, hyaline cells counts, semi‐granular cells counts, haemolymph protein, haemocyte phagocytic capacity and haemocyte respiratory burst activity. Results of this work indicate that selective soy breeding technology coupled with novel processing options has the potential to increase the nutritional value of conventional SBM for shrimp feeds. Trends on immune responses were more difficult to elucidate possibly due to the limited length of the feeding trial.     

湖羊在西北高寒地区的生理和生化指标的测定研究

为研究湖羊在西北高寒地区的适应性,本试验选择引入天祝县的舍饲3,6,12,24月龄湖羊各12只(公、母各半),测定其夏季生理、生化指标,分析性别、月龄因子及两者交互作用对天祝地区湖羊生理、生化指标的影响。结果表明,性别因子对平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度影响显著(P0.05),对谷草转氨酶影响极显著(P0.01);月龄因子对呼吸、白细胞数、红细胞数、血小板数目、平均血小板体积、碱性磷酸酶和总胆固醇的影响显著(P0.05),对体温、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶的影响极显著(P0.01);性别和月龄的交互作用对平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和葡萄糖有显著影响(P0.05),对乳酸脱氢酶有极显著的影响(P0.01)。各月龄试验羊只的生理和血液生理、生化指标虽与原产地及低海拔引种地区有差异,但均在正常范围内,在当地表现出良好的适应性,为湖羊在西北高寒地区的引种及推广提供了科学依据。     

穗分化期旱涝急转对双季超级杂交稻物质积累和产量形成的影响

采用桶栽方式,以超级杂交早稻品种(淦鑫203)、超级杂交晚稻品种(五丰优T025)为材料,于穗分化初期设置不旱不涝(对照CK)、轻旱不涝(T11)、重旱不涝(T2)、不旱轻涝(T3)、不旱重涝(T4)、重旱轻涝(T5)、重旱重涝(T6)、轻旱轻涝(T7)和轻旱重涝(T8)处理,分析各处理产量及其构成因素、干物质积累与分配和净光合速率等指标。结果表明:(1)"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"使超级杂交早、晚稻单株产量不同程度下降,早稻T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7和T8单株产量分别比CK降低8.89%、21.42%、8.33%、12.04%、19.65%、31.23%、15.39%和17.29%,晚稻分别降低6.21%、15.06%、7.77%、11.53%、17.40%、20.85%、13.46%和11.70%,早、晚稻以T2和T6处理产量下降较多,尤其T6处理产量降幅最大,表明单纯前期轻旱(T1)和后期轻涝(T3)对产量的影响相对较小,而单纯前期重旱(T2)和后期重涝(T4)对产量的影响相对较大,T2比T4对产量的影响更大,且重旱重涝处理下水稻单株产量存在一定程度的叠加减产效应。产量构成上,早、晚稻产量下降的主要原因是较大幅度降低了单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率和二次枝梗数,各处理对产量构成的影响规律与单株产量大致相同。(2)早、晚稻"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"等处理结束初期与CK比较,其茎、叶干物质量均不同程度下降,其中早、晚稻成熟期T6处理穗干物质量分别比CK下降33.40%、19.88%,表现为穗型变小。(3)"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"使早、晚稻叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)降低,其中早、晚稻均以T6处理的SPAD值降幅最大,且与CK一直呈显著性差异。(4)至抽穗期,早、晚稻叶片净光合速率均以T6处理最低,分别比CK下降37.57%、10.17%。研究结果说明,生长前期重旱后期急转重涝对早、晚稻成熟期穗部干物质量及总干物质量的影响最大,重旱重涝急转表现为叠加损伤效应。     

Effects of silicon on the germination,growth and physiology activity of Zea mays L. seedlings under PH stress

Silicon(Si) has a significant function in reducing abiotic stresses on plants. pH stress is one of abiotic stresses. We investigated the effects of silicon on maize seedlings under pH stress. The results showed that incorporation of Si (2.0?mM (mmol)) into pH 3.0 increased the growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, decreased catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. The combined treatments with Si (8.0?mM) and pH 3.0 decreased the maize growth compare with the single pH (3.0). Incorporation of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) into pH 8.0 were obviously unchanged compare with the single pH (8.0). The combined or single effects of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) and pH (3.0 or 8.0) on germination percentage were negligible. The application of Si (2.0?mM) could be a better strategy for improving the plant growth and alleviating low pH stress in soil.