桑黄菌丝体中多糖提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性分析

为了研究桑黄菌丝体中桑黄多糖的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性,利用热水浸提法,在单因素实验结果的基础上,采用多因素正交试验对桑黄菌丝体中桑黄多糖的提取工艺进行优化,并通过检测桑黄多糖清除ABTS+.和DPPH.自由基的能力来初步评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：桑黄多糖最佳提取工艺为提取时间2.5 h,提取温度60 ℃,提取次数3次,液料比为14倍,在该最佳提取条件下桑黄多糖得率为4.97%；体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明,桑黄多糖的ABTS+.和DPPH.自由基清除能力有良好的剂量－效应关系,对ABTS+.和DPPH.的最高清除率分别为73.54%和88.83%。表明优化的桑黄液体发酵菌丝体中桑黄多糖提取工艺合理、可行,桑黄多糖有较强的体外抗氧化活性,可用于功能性食品和药剂的开发利用。     

秋水仙素诱变对桑黄菌丝生长及活性成分的影响

以1.0%纤维素酶和0.5%蜗牛酶不同处理时间的桑黄菌丝为试材,采用0.1%秋水仙素诱变桑黄菌丝研究其诱变下桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量变化,以期获得生长快且活性成分含量高的菌种,以期为桑黄菌株选育、种质资源创新和应用奠定基础。结果表明:秋水仙素诱变后桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量基本呈增加趋势。其中,与对照相比,诱变酶解桑黄菌丝20 min获得的再生菌株20-1生长速率最快,增加了366.67%;三萜和多糖含量最高的再生菌株为10-5,分别增加了1069.73%和281.85%;多酚含量最高的再生菌株为5-1,增加了530.56%;黄酮含量最高的再生菌株为30-1,增加了3771.43%。     

响应面法优化黑盖木层孔菌菌丝体液体发酵培养基研究

应用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响液体发酵黑盖木层孔菌菌丝体产量的培养基组分进行筛选,确定影响菌丝体产量的关键因素为玉米粉、麸皮和VB1。在此基础上,采用最陡爬坡试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化黑盖木层孔菌液体发酵培养基。结果表明:当培养基组分中玉米粉为65 g/L、麸皮为49.31 g/L、VB1为214.61μg/L时,菌丝体产量预测值为10.75 g/L,最佳条件下菌丝体产量可达11.16 g/L,预测值与验证值吻合得较好。     

药用真菌桑黄的抗氧化研究进展

从自由基清除能力,还原能力,亚铁离子的螯合能力,DNA损伤的抑制,MDA、SOD含量等方面对桑黄(Phellinus sp.)抗氧化研究进行概述;并展望其发展趋势.     

Composition and proposed structure of a water-soluble glycan from the Keumsa Sangwhang Mushroom (Phellinus linteus)

Phellinus linteus is a mushroom which has been prized in Korea for its medicinal properties since ancient times. A glycan preparation from this source has shown promise in experimental anti-tumour and metastasis studies, but the glycan has not been well characterized. In the present work, the glycan fraction of a hot water extract from P. linteus (Keumsa Sangwhang Mushroom, Korea) has been isolated following ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis/concentration and anion exchange chromatographic steps. Analyses for monosaccharide composition showed glucose and mannose to be the major constituents. Digestion of the glycan fraction with specific glycosidases and by linkage analysis allowed us to propose a core beta(1-3) linked glucan heavily substituted via (1-6) links with beta(1-3) linked mannose chains. Significant levels of galactose and xylose, present in the glycan fraction, may be associated with this glucomannan or not. These findings are consistent with the view that a core beta(1-3)-linked glucan chain with beta(1-6) branch points is a common feature of mushroom glycans possessing anti-tumour activity.     

瓦尼木层孔菌及其人工栽培技术

瓦尼木层孔菌是近年来发现的一种珍贵药用真菌,其野生资源稀少,无法满足市场需求,特此对瓦尼木层孔菌的形态特征、生态习性及人工栽培技术进行介绍。     

The effect of disturbance by Phellinus weirii on decomposition and nutrient mineralization in a Tsuga mertensiana forest

Summary Microbial biomass in the upper 7 cm of soil and needle decomposition on the forest floor were measured seasonally for 10 months in a mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) old-growth forest and in a regrowth forest after Phellinus weirii, a root-rot pathogen infection, had caused disturbance. The microbial biomass was higher in the old-growth forest soil than in the regrowth forest soil. However, T. mertensiana needle decomposition rates were higher in the regrowth than in the old-growth forest. Total N, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations in needles increased during the 1st year of decomposition in both the old and the regrowth forests, but P, K, Mg, Mn, and B concentrations decreased. N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and Zn concentrations were lower in regrowth than in old-growth decomposing needles. During mineralization, needles in the regrowth forests released more N, P, and K as a result of higher needle decomposition rates. Our results suggest that higher needle decomposition rates increased the mineralization of N, P, and K, which may lead to increased soil fertility and faster tree growth rates in the regrowth forest.     

桑黄灵芝袋泡茶制作及冲泡工艺研究

以桑黄、灵芝为原料,以冲泡液中黄酮含量和感官评分为评价指标,在单因素试验结果的基础上,设计正交试验,并结合模糊数学法研究桑黄灵芝袋泡茶制作及冲泡工艺。结果表明,桑黄灵芝袋泡茶的最佳配方及冲泡工艺为：桑黄与灵芝质量比为3∶2,冲泡时间20 min,冲泡水温75 ℃,茶泡袋材质为玉米纤维。采用该工艺配方制作的产品色泽黄润透亮,有桑黄及灵芝的独特香气,感官评分为（87.2±0.3）分,冲泡液中黄酮含量为（12.95±0.23）mg/L。本研究为桑黄、灵芝的综合开发利用提供了新方法,为其实际生产提供了理论依据。     

Fungi associated with esca disease in grapevine

Cross sections of woody stems of 309 diseased grapevines collected in France showed two kinds of necrosis typical of esca: a) A central light-colored necrosis of soft consistency, consisting of three zones, preceded by a centrally discolored wood, and b) a sectorial light-colored necrosis composed of two zones preceded by a sectorial brown necrosis. Isolations showed that different microflora was associated with each necrosis. Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum occurred in the discolored wood and the zones bordering the central decayed wood. Eutypa lata was the main fungus isolated from sectorial brown necrosis and the zones adjoining the decay wood. Phellinus punctatus was isolated from the sectorial and central decayed wood. Stereum hirsutum was present in decayed wood of 15 grapevines with esca symptoms not inhabited by P. punctatus. Wood decay tests and pathogenicity tests showed that S. hirsutum and P. punctatus were responsible for the decayed wood. Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum and S. hirsutum produced a centrally discolored wood similar to that found in esca-affected vines. Phaeoacremonium aleophilum caused a sectorial brown necrosis of soft texture. From these studies, it was found that esca is a complex disease involving several microorganisms whose role in the process leading to wood degradation is discussed.     

桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究

通过单因子试验和正交试验，研究了桑黄（Phellinus igniarius）子实体多糖的提取条件。结果表明，热水浸提法提取桑黄子实体多糖的最佳条件为料水比1：30（W：V）。提取温度90℃，提取时间3h，乙醇终浓度80％。同时采用超声波法提取桑黄子实体多糖，其多糖得率为4．65％。