青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用室内生理检测及生物化学方法,研究了青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:用一定浓度的青霉菌发酵液对大豆浸种和茎叶处理,大豆幼苗的生长呈明显上升趋势,处理后大豆的株高、根长、株鲜重和根鲜重均明显得到了提高,且生长状态好于对照,不同浓度处理间具有明显差异,在发酵液浓度为5 g·L-1时,效果最佳。尤其是对根鲜重的影响,促进率最高可达56.21%,同时增强了幼苗根系活力,最大可以提高57.82%,浸种和茎叶处理后,分别提高了叶绿素含量41.25%和15.40%;超氧化物歧化酶活性12.20%和11.70%;过氧化物酶31.33%和29.95%;过氧化氢酶活性42.8%和20.0%,这为发酵液在大豆田推广应用、提高大豆产量提供了重要理论依据。     

Research on the heredity and variation of the peruxidase isoenzyme of needles ofpinus koraiensis

Through the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years oldpinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation ofpinus koraiensis.     

A novel extracellular peroxidase and nucleases from a milky sap of Chelidonium majus

Using affinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE, peroxidase activity assay and mass spectrometry data, a new extracellular peroxidase (CMP) from Chelidonium majus milky sap was isolated and characterized. The protein has a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and belongs to secretory class III plant peroxidases. The peroxidase activity is also accompanied by DN-ase activities. A novel CMP combined with other proteins is probably involved in development and differentiation of the plant and defence against different pathogens. It suggests that the biological activity of C. majus whole plants and extracts may depend not only on its alkaloidal content but also on the presence of biologically active proteins.     

DEHP胁迫对高/低累积邻苯二甲酸酯品种水稻抗氧化酶系统的影响

以前期筛选获得的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)高/低累积基因型水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种(培杂泰丰/丰优丝苗)进行土培试验,对比研究邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)污染胁迫下2个品种水稻体内过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化,以揭示DEHP胁迫下2个品种的生理生化和DEHP累积差异。结果显示,2个品种水稻体内DEHP含量随土壤污染浓度增加而增加,但生物量下降,而且培杂泰丰地上部的生物量敏感性响应指数和DEHP含量比丰优丝苗的高,说明前者对DEHP的耐受性更强。2个品种水稻体内丙二醛含量基本保持不变,但过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性则随土壤DEHP浓度的增加而升高,说明水稻可能通过提高过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性以降低DEHP胁迫。丰优丝苗的多酚氧化酶活性较培杂泰丰的高,可能影响到DEHP在水稻体内降解进而导致前者体内DEHP含量较低。     

Effects of flax lignin addition on enzymatic oxidation of poly(ethylene adipate) urethanes

Lignin use in polymer industry has recently become very attractive from both economical and environmental reasons. In the specific case of blending, the addition of low lignin amounts was found to improve the properties and extends the application field of other natural or synthetic polymers, but the effects of oxidative enzymes on resulting blends are widely unknown. Thereby, the current study was carried out to determine some potential effects of small flax lignin concentrations (4.2 and 9.3 wt%) on the enzymatic degradation of a poly(ethylene adipate) urethane (PU). Thin cast films of PU and its lignin blends were incubated for 3 days at 30 °C with buffered solutions of fungal peroxidase and laccase extracted from Aspergillus sp., and compared with the untreated ones. Changes in surface structure and morphology were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the impact on bulk was assessed from tensile tests and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Although the addition of flax lignin reduces the surface structural modifications after enzyme treatment, the morphology, tensile and thermo-oxidative characteristics are still affected, with laccase showing the higher degradative efficiency. The lignin concentration, its high impact on the resulting blends morphology and relative low resistance to laccase and peroxidase degradation was the most important factors proved to driven the enzymatic oxidation.     

不同剂量~(60)Co-γ射线对小麦、水稻幼苗生长的影响

用10—30KR剂量~(60)CO—γ射线处理小麦中引15、St和水稻沪B干种子、幼苗生长期胚根、子叶发育受到明显抑制.对幼苗生长的影响后期(萌发5天后)比早期(开始萌发至萌发第5天)明显,芽鞘的发育对γ射线不敏感.过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果表明,发育受抑的小麦St、水稻沪B胚根中各增加1—2条负极酶带;发育受抑的小麦中引15、St、水稻沪B子叶中,过氧化物酶同工酶没有产生变化,而从外部形态特征上看没有变化的中引15芽鞘中比对照多2条正极带.上述结果表明,经r射线照射后,植物外部形态特征的变化与内部过氧化物酶同工酶的变化并不完全相关.     

小麦雄性不育系保持系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较研究

从小麦雄性不育系、保持系的10个不同组织、器官中共检测出8种过氧化物酶,在叶、芽鞘、根、节、节间、穗轴、叶鞘和芒中,不育系和保持系的过氧化物酶基本相同,说明这种酶由细胞核编码,但在花粉粒发育的3个不同时期,不育系与保持系间的过氧化物酶有明显差异,表现为不育系中的过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系,这可能是由于不育系中细胞质不育基因对核基因的表达有调控作用,这种调控作用表现为不育细胞质基因的去阻遏作用,即不育细胞质基因可以去除细胞核中编码过氧化物酶基因的阻遏作用,使不育系中有更多的过氧化物酶基因得以表达,造成不育系中过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系的现象.     

棉花雄性不育“三系”过氧化物酶同工酶等电聚焦电泳分析

通过等电聚焦电泳,在 pH4—6区间显示出棉花质核雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系在子叶、真叶、茎、花药等部位中共有20种不同的过氧化物酶同工酶带,其中有4条为这4种部位所共有。同时,叶片、茎、花药都各有其专一酶带。供试的“三系”在同一部位中均具有一些相同的基本酶带,相同系间差异较小,表现出它们有着某些基本一致的遗传背     

青花菜组培中过氧化物酶及吼哚乙酸氧化酶与形态发生的关系

青花菜在脱分化及分化过程中其过氧化物酶活性升高;脱分化培养的第12天该酶活性的大幅度增加与愈伤组织的明显发生相对应;分化培养的第21天该酶活性的大幅度增加与真正的芽发生相关.脱分化时过氧化物酶同工酶的c带、e带发生在愈伤组织产生以前,可能是脱分化的原团;分化时c带在芽点出现以前的重新出现可能与分化的启动有关.在脱分化过程中吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性略有升高;在分化过程中该酶活性基本保持稳定.     

低能Ar+注入樱桃萝卜点点红种子后的生物学效应

选取樱桃萝卜点点红为材料,对低能Ar+离子注入其干种子后的生物学效应进行了研究。考察了其发芽率、成活率与低能Ar+注入剂量的关系,对低能Ar+注入点点红种子后其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定,并对POD酶谱及酯酶(Est)同工酶酶谱进行分析。研究结果表明,不同剂量的低能Ar+注入都会引起种子发芽率、成活率及不同阶段的生长和发育产生变异;在1×1017Ar+/cm2与3×1017Ar+/cm2剂量之间点点红种子的发芽率随注入剂量的增加呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的变化趋势;成活率的变化规律与发芽率的变化规律基本一致;低剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而升高;高剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而降低。同工酶图谱中,POD在2.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2增加一条酶带,且1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2高剂量注入时有缺失现象;酯酶(Est)在1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2剂量注入时酶带数增加,且变深。