巨菌草对七彩山鸡生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。     

巨菌草在动物饲养和生态改善领域的应用研究进展

巨菌草具有适应性广、抗逆性强、根系发达、营养含量丰富、产量高等特点,近年来在动物饲养和生态改善领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了近年来巨菌草在动物饲养和生态改善领域的最新研究应用进展,对其存在的问题进行讨论,并对其发展前景提出了建议,以期为巨菌草的开发利用提供参考。     

京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术

为探索能源植物在北京及周边地区的发展潜力,在京郊挖沙废弃地、荒滩地、撂荒地、污染农田4种边际土地上开展了柳枝稷、荻、芦竹和杂交狼尾草4种纤维素类能源草的规模化种植。在此基础上,总结提出了京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术,为基于边际土地发展京郊生物质原料生产与生物质能源产业奠定了良好的技术基础。     

Evaluation of landrace topcross hybrids of pearl millet for arid zone environments

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cultivars for marginal, arid environments need to combine the adaptation to stress conditions of indigenous landraces with an improved yield potential and disease resistance, to allow them to both perform well in farmers fields and to meet the requirements for cultivar release. This paper evaluates landrace-based topcross hybrids (adapted landraces crossed on high-yielding male-sterile lines), as a quick and efficient way of achieving this objective. Topcross hybrids showed a consistent increase in biomass production across all test environments, including the harsh arid zone environments. Depending upon the plant type of the male-sterile used to make the hybrid, this was expressed as increased grain yield only, or increased grain and fodder yields. The downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) reaction of the topcross hybrids was determined by the reaction of the male-sterile line used, with the resistant male-sterile producing resistant topcross hybrids and vice-versa. Topcrossing adapted landraces on high-yielding male-sterile lines thus provides an opportunity to improve disease resistance and grain and/or fodder yields, with no apparent loss of adaptation to the marginal environments in which the landraces have evolved.ICRISAT Journal Article no. 1575     

Characterization of seed producing pearl millet x elephantgrass hexaploid hybrids

Summary Successful widespread use of a forage or biomass plant depends largely on its ease of establishment. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is used for both forage and biomass production, due to its high dry matter production, aggressiveness, perenniality, and forage quality. However, lack of high quality seed has limited the use of elephantgrass and its hybrids to pearl millet (P. glaucum L. R.Br.). Development of a seed-propagated pearl millet x elephantgrass hexaploid cultivar, which would combine desirable characteristics from both of these species, would be highly desirable. The objectives of this study were to characterize morphological and seed-related traits from the selfed progeny of seven hexaploid hybrids, and to determine whether seed size had any influence on these traits. Traits studied included number of tillers, height, leaf length and width, panicles per plant, days to flowering, panicle length, seed set, seed production, and weight of 100 seeds. Genetic differences were found among the progeny of the seven hybrids. Differences were also found between plants derived from large- and small-seed lots within families. Plants descended from larger seed had better growth and seed-related characteristics, which resulted in more desirable plants. These hexaploid hybrids showed potential for direct seeding into the field for biomass or forage production.     

Recurrent Addition of the Pennisetum americanum Genome in a P. americanum×P. orientale Hybrid

An interspecific hybrid involving Pennisetum americanum (2 n = 14) and a diploid cytotype of P. orientale (2 n = 18) was backcrossed to P. americanum using the hybrid (2 n = 16, 7‘A’+ 9 ‘O’) as the female parent. Pollen mother cells of 13 BC₁ plants contained a complement of 14‘A’+ 9 ‘O’ chromosomes. Five BC₂ plants obtained through further backcrossing to P. americanum had 21‘A’+ 9 ‘O’ chromosomes revealing another addition of the P. americanum genome. The role of such recurrent additions of parental genomes in the evolution of polyploid species has been discussed.     

巨大口蘑Tsw-06生物学特性研究

对巨大13蘑Tsw-06的生物学特性做了初步的研究。比较了不同温度、pH值、碳源、氮源条件下菌丝生长情况。试验结果表明,巨大口蘑Tsw-06菌丝生长最适温度为25℃～30℃,最适pH值为6．0,最适碳源为玉米粉,最适氮源为黄豆粉,最适培养基含水量为70％。     

Production of Pearl Millet Irrigated with Different Levels of Brackish Water and Organic Matter

ABSTRACT

The objective is to determine the growth, yield and chemical characteristics of pearl millet irrigated with different levels of brackish water and organic matter in two cultivation cycles. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, composed of 4 levels of brackish irrigation (25, 50, 75 and 100% evapotranspiration), 4 levels of organic matter (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha^?1) with 3 repetitions. Along two cultivation cycles, pearl millet crop was analyzed for: plant growth variables, fresh and dry mass production, water-use efficiency, and chemical composition. There was significant interaction between applied water levels and organic matter for lignin in the 2nd cut (P < .05). The number of leaves, number of dead leaves and fresh mass production were influenced by the isolated effect of brackish water levels in cut 1 (P < .05). In turn, fresh mass production, dry mass production, plant height, leaves length, panicle length, fresh mass production, crude protein and ether extract were influenced by the isolated effect of saline water levels in the 2nd cut (P < .05). Growth, biomass production and chemical composition variables in second cut are positively influenced by different brackish irrigation levels under low rainfall conditions.     

利用RAPD标记分析狼尾草属牧草品种间的遗传关系

采用RAPD分子标记技术对狼尾草属8个品种(品系)间的遗传关系进行了分析,结果发现,19个引物共扩增出169条带,其中111条带为多态性带,占总带数的65.7%,表明在这8个品种(品系)间具有较高的遗传多样性,存在有一定的遗传分化.从UPGMA聚类分析的结果来看,象草、象草新品系、矮象草、N51、王草和桂牧1号作为一个谱系群的bootstrap值为73%,反映了它们之间较为密切的亲缘关系;同时发现,杂交狼尾草与其他7个草种间存在有较明显的遗传分化,表明Pennisetum americanum遗传成分的多少及有无在这8个品种(品系)间遗传关系的调节中起着重要的作用.另外,相对于其他6个草种,象草新品系与矮象草具有最小的遗传距离(0.130),从而为象草新品系与矮象草之间亲缘关系的确定提供了重要证据.     

Differential Competitive Ability and Growth Habit of Pearl Millet and Clusterbean Cultivars in a Mixed Cropping System in the Arid Zone of India

Dryland sustainable agriculture in the arid zone of India depends upon the choice of suitable cultivars for pure and mixed crop stands. Field experiments were conducted for two years to examine the response of two contrasting cultivars each of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in pure stands and in mixed pearl millet‐clusterbean stands. The differential response of cultivars of both crops to pure and mixed stands resulted in a significant genotype × cropping system interaction. Reduction in seed yield of both clusterbean cultivars was greater in mixed stands with tall and long duration pearl millet MH 179 than with medium statured and early maturing HHB 67. The degree of reduction was greater in Naveen, the branched clusterbean cultivar, than in RGC 197, the single stemmed cultivar. Mixing of pearl millet HHB 67 with medium duration clusterbean cultivar Naveen produced maximum pearl millet equivalent total yield. Higher land equivalent ratios (LERs) were also observed when clusterbean cultivars were mixed with early maturing and short statured pearl millet HHB 67.