梁山慈竹新品种‘西科1号’

‘西科1号’是由梁山慈竹（Dendrocalamus farinosus）通过甲基磺酸乙酯诱变，再进一步筛选出的新品种。一年生竹秆厚被少量白粉，多年生的主枝不明显，纤维素含量高（55.28%），木质素含量低（20.02%），良浆得率高（39.29%），硫酸盐浆的撕裂指数大（16.96 mN · m² · g^-1），耐折度强（2.1），竹材性能好，笋营养丰富，且具有一定观赏性，是优质的工业用、笋用和观赏用竹种。     

淡紫拟青霉不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵寄生率三种处理方法的比较

利用来自不同地域的淡紫拟青霉的13个菌株，分别用其孢子液处理南方根结线虫分散卵粒、菌丝处理分散卵粒、孢子液处理卵囊以评价淡紫拟青霉对南方根结线虫的寄生性。在被试所有菌株中，同一菌株三种不同方法对根结线虫卵的寄生率相比，孢子液处理卵囊均明显高于其他两种处理。不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率有很大的差异。三种处理方法结果显示618号菌株寄生率均为最高。菌株对卵的寄生率与菌株地理来源无明显相关性。     

粉拟青霉菌株的筛选

从冬季自然感病的马尾松毛虫上分离到的粉拟青霉，经回接试验确证为病原菌；在低温下其对原始寄主有较高毒力，经初步筛选拟Ｆ９００２菌株为优良株系。     

不同条件下粉拟青霉菌的生长研究

对不同碳源、不同氮源、不同pH条件下的粉拟青霉菌Z26菌落直径和产孢量的生长情况的观察，筛选出此菌的最佳营养条件，C源为麦芽糖，N源为蛋白胨，PH值7—9。     

二斑栗实象生活史观察及粉拟青霉菌防治试验

二斑栗实象在云南玉溪市红塔区、峨山县1a发生1代，以幼虫在土壤中越冬，10月中旬至11月下旬是防治地下幼虫的最佳时期。6月中旬成虫羽化高峰期是防治成虫的最佳时间。用粉拟青霉菌防治地下幼虫药效达86．9％，树冠成虫防治药效为64．3％。地下幼虫和树冠成虫防治的最佳剂量均为22．5kg／hm^2。喷施粉拟青霉菌最好选择雨后晴天无风的早晨和傍晚，防治地下幼虫喷药后应立即进行翻挖。     

竹织叶野螟Algedonia coclesalis Walker越冬幼虫的真菌病

粉质拟青霉Paecilomyces farinosus (Dicks.ex.Fr.)Brown et Smith是竹织叶野螟越冬幼虫的重要病原菌,林间自然发病率为23.08％～42.84％。用5.5×10~6/ml孢子悬液感染越冬幼虫,死亡率达91.7％。在24～26℃下,病程约10～14d。林间罹病虫尸上,可见粉质拟青霉被寄生黑孢壳Melanospora parasitica Tulasne寄生。本文还从病原菌的生理性质及侵染环境的角度,讨论了疾病的流行条件和病原菌利用的前景。     

Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum l. and d. floralis (fall.); Diptera,Anthomyiidae)

Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 10⁹ conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1^?1, 1 dl plant^?1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 10⁹conidia plant^?1 and 1.5 x 10⁸ CFU plant^?1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant^?1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study.     

温度对淡紫拟青霉NH-PL-03菌株培养特性及毒力的影响

试验测定了淡紫拟青霉NH-PL-03菌株在不同温度条件(15～35℃)下培养过程中生长特性(OD值、pH值、菌丝干重、孢子量、基质消耗)的变化趋势及对线虫的致死率,系统研究温度对淡紫拟青霉生长的影响,结果表明:温度不仅影响菌体的生长,且影响次生代谢物的毒力。在15～30℃范围内,菌体生长、孢子生成及基质消耗(C、N)速率随温度升高而升高;25℃为菌体生长的最合适温度,培养第5d进入快速增长期,第9d菌丝干重达到1.08g,第10d菌液孢子量达到401.2万个/mL;30℃时总体毒力最高,第7d培养液对茎线虫的致死率达到64.60%,其次是25℃和20℃,最高致死率分别达到56.17%和37.21%;15℃最高致死率仅为24.71%。说明在一定范围内,温度上升有利于毒力产物生成。     

基质浓度对淡紫拟青霉“NH-PL-03”菌株生长的影响

通过测定不同基质浓度(C N=0.001g/mL、0.005g/mL、0.015g/mL、0.045g/mL、0.135g/mL)对淡紫拟青霉“NH-PL-03”菌株生长的影响结果表明,基质浓度对菌体生长有明显影响,基质浓度为0.045g/mL时菌丝生长旺盛,培养10d每瓶干物质量达到0.82g,对茎线虫校正致死率在8d达到峰值52.30%。基质浓度为0.015g/mL的实验组合产孢量最大,培养8d产孢量达峰值69.20百万个/mL。0.135g/mL的基质浓度对菌生长表现出明显抑制作用,培养10d其干物质量和产孢量仅分别为0.23g和15.10百万个/mL。     

Evaluation of Paecilomyces lilacinus,chitin, and cellulose amendments in the biological control of Aspergillus flavus fungi

This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using Paecilomyces lilacinus NRRL 13 866, chitin, and cellulose amendments, in order to reduce survival and prevent germination of sclerotia from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 6556, NRRL 13 048, and A. parasiticus NRRL 13 005, NRRL 13 539 buried in sandy soil in Georgia and Illinois (April–October, 1990). The number of sclerotia that germinated sporogenically in moist chambers following burial in Illinois was twice that of sclerotia buried in Georgia and varied among the four sclerotium-producing Aspergillus spp. strains. Sclerotium viability, as measured by Aspergillus spp. colony formation on potato dextrose agar, was high (>84%) for all strains and treatments (e.g. amendment, location). Even so, A. parasiticus NRRL 13 539 sclerotia were apparently more susceptible to P. lilacinus colonization than sclerotia from other strains. Treatment with Paecilomyces sp. caused a small but significant reduction in germination among sclerotia buried in Georgia.