美人指葡萄再生体系的建立

以美人指葡萄为试材,研究了不同外植体类型、激素浓度配比以及暗培养时间等对器官再生的影响。结果表明:叶片、叶柄、茎段外植体均可再生出不定芽,其中叶柄的再生率最高;TDZ对美人指葡萄叶柄再生效果比6-BA好,IBA诱导美人指葡萄叶柄不定芽再生率高于NAA和2,4-D;暗培养3周时,美人指葡萄叶柄的再生率最高。叶片再生的最适培养基为:MS+1.0 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA,再生率为60.71%,增殖系数为5.65;叶柄再生的最适培养基为:MS+1.0mg/LTDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA,再生率为93.10%,增殖系数为5.91;茎段再生的最适培养基为:MS+1.0 mg/L TDZ+0.2 mg/L IBA,再生率为47.37%,增殖系数为5.00。将再生不定芽置于3/4 MS+0.35 mg/L IBA培养基上诱导生根,完整植株培养35~50 d后炼苗移栽,成活率可达90%。     

文冠果不定芽再生与快速繁殖

以成熟文冠果叶片作为外植体,通过器官直接发生途径,对其进行不定芽诱导、不定芽增殖及生根培养,建立了一种简单易行的、可再生的文冠果快速繁殖方法。结果表明,在不定芽诱导阶段,当MS培养基添加2.0mg.L-1BA和0.2mg.L-1 NAA时,不定芽诱导率最高;高浓度的BA显著降低不定芽诱导率;当MS培养基添加2.0mg.L-1 BA和0.1mg.L-1 NAA,每个外植体获得的不定芽数达到最大;当叶片远轴面接触培养基时,不定芽诱导率高于近轴面接触培养基。在增殖培养阶段,当MS培养基添加0.5mg.L-1 BA时,不定芽增殖率、增殖个数及增殖芽长均达到最大;在不同浓度的BA培养基中添加NAA降低了不定芽的增殖效果。在生根培养阶段,1/2MS培养基添加0.5mg.L-1 IBA的生根率最高;IBA的生根效果显著优于NAA或IAA。生根苗在含有土壤、沙子和泥炭的混合基质(1∶1∶1)中移栽成活。     

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.     

Efficient plant regeneration via organogenesis in “Egusi” melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.)

Plant regeneration protocol of “Egusi” melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.) was established using three local (“Ejagham”, “Sewere” and “Barablackedge”) and one improved (NHC1-130) cultivars. Cotyledonary explants of different lengths (1/2, 1/4 and 1/6) excised from 4- or 8-day-old seedlings germinated in vitro were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). The best results were obtained when cotyledons from 4-day-old seedlings were cut into 2 (1/2) halves. Plant regeneration was optimal on medium containing 5 mg/l BA, yielding 86.3%, 77.0% and 76.3% shoot induction frequencies amongst the three local cultivars of “Ejagham”, “Sewere” and “Barablackedge”, respectively. In NHC1-130, the highest shoot induction frequency (85%) was obtained on medium containing 2 mg/l BA. Adventitious shoots were elongated on medium containing 0.1 mg/l BA and successfully rooted on hormone-free MS medium. Flow cytometric analysis revealed 70% of the plants to be diploid.     

无细胞分裂素培养基上高效的大豆下胚轴外植体器官再生

虽然已经有大豆下胚轴再生植株的很多报道，但再生率总是很低并且不定芽的再生都是在添加细胞分裂素的培养基上取得的。这种培养基使外植体形成大量愈伤组织且阻碍了再生芽的进一步生长。为此本实验将表面灭菌的成熟种子置2种培养基上萌发，一种添加2 mg/L苄基腺嘌呤（BA）而另一种不添加；6 d后将小苗的下胚轴切下作为外植体培养到两种诱导不定芽再生的培养基上，同样一种添加2 mg/L BA而另一种不添加。在9个当地、2个美国和1个巴西共12个供试品系中，最好的培养结果是在含2 mg/L BA的培养基上萌发、长 苗、切取下胚轴并在不含BA的再生培养基诱导不定芽。以此程序，不定芽的再生率和质量都得到了显著提高，其中一个当地品种“广大粒”的再生率达到了72%。     

TDZ和BA对诱导大豆胚轴植株再生的影响

大豆未成熟种子和萌动种子胚轴在含有ＴＤＺ和ＢＡ的培养基上,通过器官发生,可获得再生株。培养基中同时加入ＴＤＺ和ＢＡ〈能够增加不定芽的形成和再生株的数量,其中以２．０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋０．７５ｍｇ／ＬＴＤＡ处理再生效率最高。诱导培养基中适当增加ＮＡＡ浓度有利于不定芽的分化。     

In vitro Plant Regeneration from the Mature Tissue of Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Direct Organogenesis

An efficient in vitro regeneration system by direct organogenesis from mature nodal and internodal stem segments of Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was developed. Illuminating conditions together with plant growth regulators affected the adventitious bud regeneration frequency and efficiency. The initial 15 d darkness inoculation is beneficial for the adventitious bud regeneration. The highest regeneration frequency (85.2%) and bud formation efficiency (3.7 per responsive internodal stem segment) were obtained in the media supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. ABA at 0.2 mg L-1 positively affected the bud formation efficiency, which amounted to 8.5 buds per internodal segment in the presence of BAP at 1.0 mg L-1. The adventitious shoots successfully rooted and were transferred to the soil.     

铺散诸葛菜的组织培养及植株再生

 以铺散诸葛菜的叶柄及叶片为外植体, 研究了不同的再生方式。在6-BA 和NAA 配合使用的MS 培养基上, 叶柄和叶片外植体有高的成芽率, 具有强的器官再生能力。在2,4-D 与6-BA、NAA 结合的培养基上, 叶柄和叶片有较高的愈伤组织诱导率, 在含6-BA 的培养基上也易于分化。叶柄、叶片再生的芽和经愈伤组织分化而得来的芽快速繁殖后, 在生根培养基上形成完整植株。研究表明铺散诸葛菜具有极强的器官分化能力。     

外源激素对欧洲白桦器官再生与继代培养的影响

欧洲白桦无性系2/86叶柄更容易诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的分化。6-BA的诱导效果好于ZT和TDZ,较适宜的培养基为MS 6-BA1.0 KT0.3 NAA0.01。6-BA质量浓度高与低均影响不定芽的诱导率。欧洲白桦不定芽和嫩茎的增殖过程可分为增殖分化阶段与壮苗阶段,通过控制培养基中细胞分裂素的质量浓度来完成对欧洲白桦试管苗生长状况的调控。     

植物激素对植物器官发生影响的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外关于植物激素与器官发生关系的研究进展,以期为研究植物激素的作用机制提供参考,植物激素作为微量的有机分子,在植物生长发育、器官发生等生理活动的各个方面起着十分重要的作用。植物激素通常作用于植物激素受体,通过信号转导引发下游基因表达和相应的生理生化反应,进而影响根、茎、叶、花、果实等器官的形态建成。