徐光启农书所载肥料与施肥技术研究

徐光启所著《农政全书》《徐光启手迹》二书中包含了大量有关肥料与施肥技术的内容,其中既有徐氏对明以前农书中提及的肥料技术经验的吸收,也有徐光启本人在前人基础上亲身实验得出的新的成果与感悟。从内容上看,与前代相比,徐氏书中所载的明代肥料种类有了很大增加,肥料主要成分也发生了明显变化。徐氏所总结的明代施肥技术具有因地制宜使用肥料、根据作物选择不同肥料、注意施肥适量、基肥与追肥搭配施肥等特点。     

FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

烟草行业科研管理水平提升对策

分析了当前烟草行业的科研管理现状及存在的问题,提出了烟草行业科研管理创新方法和改革措施:增强科研管理团队建立,提升科研管理整体水平;完善科研项目管理过程,推进高水平科研成果的培育与产出。     

Comparative development of mouse tooth germs transplanted in subrenal capsule and oral submucosa

AIM: To compare 2 environments, the subrenal capsule and oral submucosa, for producing well-formed teeth from mouse tooth germs and for exploring the ideal environment for tooth regeneration. METHODS: Two groups were set up. Group A was transplanted with the mouse embronic day (ED) 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the subrenal capsule, while group B was transplanted with the ED14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the oral submucosa. After 3 weeks and 4 weeks, the host mice were sacrificed, and the transplanted explants were evaluated with morphologic observation, histological structures, hardness and elastictic modulus tests, and chemical compositions. RESULTS: (1) The explants isolated from both environments showed the tooth-like structures, but as to the group B, the crown was smaller, and the shape of the cusps was not significant. (2) HE staining showed that the dentin and enamel in group A were thicker than those in group B in which the ameloblasts and odontoblasts were differentiated not very well. (3) In the test of enamel hardness, only the hardness of 4 weeks in group B was lower than normal mouse tooth. In the test of enamel modulus, the elastic modulus of enamel in 3 weeks of group A was slightly lower than normal mouse tooth, but the difference was not significant.The elastic modulus of enamel in 4 weeks of group A and group B was significantly lower than normal mouse tooth and 3 weeks of group B. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin in 3 groups was not significant. (4) Raman spectroscopy showed 2 groups grew in harmony in general, they all had the largest peak in the point of 961 cm^-1, but the 3 weeks of group B had an obvious peak in the point of 2 947 cm^-1. CONCLUSION: For the development of ED14.5 tooth germs, we obtain almost the whole tooth in subrenal capsule transplantation after 3 or 4 weeks. The buccal submucosa environment still has a certain influence on the tooth germ development, although there are some differences about the tooth development between this environment and subrenal capsule environment.     

Chemopreventive efficacy of lycopene on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

The chemopreventive efficacy of lycopene on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis was examined using lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) as biomarkers of chemoprevention. Twenty four male Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. The right buccal pouches of the animals in group 1 were painted with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week. The animals in group 2 were painted with DMBA as in group 1 and in addition received 2.5 mg/kg body weight lycopene orally three times a week on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 animals received lycopene as in group 2. Animals in group 4 received neither DMBA nor lycopene and served as control. The hamsters were killed after an experimental period of 14 weeks. Biochemical measurements were carried out in tumour and normal tissues. All hamsters painted with DMBA alone for 14 weeks developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Diminished lipid peroxidation in the oral tumour tissue was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of GSH, GPx, GST and GR. Administration of lycopene significantly suppressed DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis as revealed by the absence of carcinomas. The results of the present study suggest that lycopene may exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing the activities of the enzymes in the glutathione redox cycle.     

合肥野生动物园袋鼠口鼻腔带菌情况调查

[目的]对合肥野生动物园袋鼠口腔和鼻腔的带菌情况进行调查。[方法]从袋鼠口腔和鼻腔中分离致病菌,并采用细菌形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。选用14种常用抗菌药物,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。[结果]14份袋鼠口腔样本中均分离到革兰氏阳性球菌,其中12只袋鼠口腔分离到葡萄球菌,占85.7%;从4只袋鼠口腔分离到链球菌,占28.5%;从2只袋鼠口腔同时分离到葡萄球菌和链球菌,占14.3%。同时,从14只袋鼠鼻腔中均分离到葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果表明,ZS-1菌株对磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类、磷霉素类、林可霉素类和四环素类药物敏感。鼻腔中细菌对磷霉素类、喹诺酮类和四环素类药物敏感。口腔中的细菌对14种常用抗菌药物均无耐药性,鼻腔中分离的细菌对卡那霉素、复方新诺明、强力霉素和阿莫西林耐药。[结论]研究结果可为袋鼠口腔和鼻腔细菌感染类疾病的有效防治提供科学依据。     

Chronic Gingivostomatitis with Esophagitis in Cats

Background

Chronic gingivostomatitis in cats (FCG) is a debilitating disease with potentially deleterious effects on overall health.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Little is known about the pathophysiology and overall impact of FCG. The aims of our study were to investigate whether gingivostomatitis occurs concurrently with esophagitis, if FCG treatment contributes to esophagitis and if esophagitis exacerbates signs of FCG.

Animals

Fifty‐eight cats with clinical signs of FCG and 12 healthy control cats exhibiting no signs of oral disease, all client‐owned.

Methods

Prospective study. Physical, oral and endoscopic examinations were performed on all cats. Measurements of salivary and esophageal lumen pH were obtained from both groups. Biopsies were acquired from sites of esophageal inflammation in cats with FCG and from normal‐appearing esophageal mucosa in control cats.

Results

The majority of cats with clinical signs of FCG exhibited some degree of esophagitis especially in the proximal (44/58) and distal (53/58) parts (P < 0.001) with or without columnar metaplasia, compared to controls. All cats lacked signs related to gastrointestinal disease. Salivary and esophageal lumen pH were not statistically different compared to controls.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis seems to occur concurrently with esophagitis. Esophagitis also should be managed in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis because it may aggravate the existing condition.     

农业院校英语专业教学现状及改革对策

针对农业院校英语专业的教学现状,提出了农业院校英语专业教学改革的对策,并分析了改革所取得的效果。     

参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群影响的差异性分析

研究参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响。选取同等饲养条件下7~15日龄体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交仔猪共计9头,其中有腹泻症状的6头将其随机平均分为腹泻空白组(FXK)和腹泻中药组(FZ),正常的3头为健康空白组(JK),中药组灌服参金止痢口服液,空白组灌服同等体积生理盐水,连续灌胃5d,在给药后的第8天对仔猪采血进行抗体及细胞因子水平测定,并采集结肠内容物提取样本中菌群总DNA进行16S rRNA高通量测序。结果显示：与FXK组相比,FZ组血清中IgG含量显著升高(P＜0.05),IgM含量显著降低(P＜0.05),炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量显著下调(P＜0.01)。α、β多样性分析结果表明,三个组结肠肠道菌群结构差异显著。在门分类水平上,FZ组仔猪肠道拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),变形菌门相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),而FZ与JK组之间两个菌门差异不显著。属水平上,FZ组韦荣球菌属和乳杆菌属相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),FZ组与JK组之间这三个菌属差异不显著。综上结果表明,参金止痢口服液可能通过调节免疫及炎性相关因子水平和调节肠道菌群结构从而发挥治疗哺乳仔猪腹泻的作用。