发酵诺尼果种子中有效成分及其抗氧化性

为了有效利用已发酵诺尼果(Noni)种子,探讨提取发酵诺尼种子中有效成分的方法,进一步研究发酵诺尼果种子有效成分的抗氧化性。笔者分别用水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂95%乙醇萃取,再对2种提取方法分别获得的发酵诺尼果提取物进行气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析;采用A320电子顺磁共振波谱仪对乙醇萃取获得的发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明,发酵诺尼果种子提取物中的有效成分绝大多数为酯类物质,此外还含有酸类和醇类物质。95%乙醇萃取物经GC-MS分析,首次在发酵诺尼果种子提取物中发现了角鲨烯,其相对含量为12.95%。电子顺磁共振法可简便、快速检测发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性,乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油不同层DPPH清除能力表现不同,在提取物相同体积时,样品清除自由基的反应速度很快,其中乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油下层在2 min能够完全清除自由基,而精油上层在20min不能完全清除自由基。说明其精油下层的抗氧化活性高于上层。笔者认为,已发酵诺尼果种子含有开发价值的活性物质,且该活性物质具有抗氧化性。     

诺丽果中脂肪酸成分与含量的分析

将诺丽果(Noni)的乙醚萃取物，甲酯化后，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)与气相色谱(GC)对其中的脂肪酸进行定性定量分析。结果表明：诺丽果中饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为23．88％，不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为70．03％。     

诺丽发酵果汁中总木脂素含量测定

[目的]建立诺丽发酵果汁中总木脂素的含量测定方法。[方法]以鬼臼毒素为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法建立总木脂素含量的分析测定方法。[结果]鬼臼毒素对照品在0~0.100 mg/m L线性关系良好;平均回收率为99.61%,RSD为1.85%。采用此方法对不同发酵时间的诺丽果汁中总木脂素成分进行含量测定,含量为0.401 9~0.582 7 mg/m L。[结论]该试验建立的含量检测方法简单、迅速、准确、重复性好,适用于液体样品中总木脂素成分含量的测定。随着发酵时间的增长,诺丽果汁中木脂素类成分的含量变化不大。     

The classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals

In this review, several recently identified biologically active principles of selected botanical dietary supplement ingredients are described, and were isolated using classical phytochemical chromatographic methods, with various spectroscopic procedures used for their isolation and structure elucidation. A central component of such an approach is “activity-guided fractionation” to monitor the compound purification process. In vitro assays germane to cancer chemoprevention were used to facilitate the work performed. Bioactive compounds, including several new substances, were characterized from açai (Euterpe oleracea), baobab (Adansonia digitata), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and noni (Morinda citrifolia). Many of these compounds exhibited quite potent biological activity, but tended to be present in their plant of origin only at low concentration levels.     

New anthraquinone glycosides from the roots of Morinda citrifolia

Six new anthraquinone glycosides: digiferruginol-1-methylether-11-O-β-gentiobioside (1); digiferruginol-11-O-β-primeveroside (2); damnacanthol-11-O-β-primeveroside (3); 1-methoxy-2-primeverosyloxymethyl-anthraquinone-3-olate (4); 1-hydroxy-2-primeverosyloxymethyl-anthraquinone-3-olate (5); and 1-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methyl-7-primeverosyloxyanthraquinone (6) were isolated from Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae) roots together with four known anthraquinone glycosides. The structures of the new compounds were established using spectral methods. For five of the new compounds, the sugar is attached via the hydroxymethyl group of the anthraquinone C-2 carbon. This type of bond is rarely found for anthraquinone glycosides isolated from natural sources.     

Noni基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析

针对Noni含有大量的多糖、多酚等次生代谢物设计其DNA的提取方法,得到的Noni基因组DNA纯度高、完整性好。对5个Noni品种进行RAPD分析,结果表明,国外品种(库克、泰国、马来西亚)和国内品种(西沙、三亚)各聚为一类。     

西沙诺尼果汁总皂苷含量的测定

[目的]测定我国西沙诺尼果汁总皂苷的含量。[方法]采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法测定了我国西沙诺尼果汁总皂苷的含量,并与大溪地诺尼果汁进行了比较。[结果]试验表明,西沙诺尼果汁总皂苷含量范围为387.6~476.4 mg/L,平均值为(419.4±34.5)mg/L,大溪地诺尼果汁总皂苷含量范围为395.5~614.5 mg/L。西沙诺尼果汁总皂苷含量与大溪地诺尼果汁无明显差异。[结论]该试验可为我国西沙诺尼果汁的保健功效研究、资源利用和产品开发提供依据。     

西沙诺尼果汁总多酚含量的测定

[目的]测定我国西沙诺尼果汁总多酚的含量。[方法]采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定了我国西沙诺尼果汁多酚的含量,并与大溪地诺尼果汁进行了比较。[结果]西沙诺尼果汁多酚含量范围为104.07~121.39 mg/100ml,平均值为114.12 mg/100ml,大溪地诺尼果汁多酚含量范围为96.24~134.65 mg/100ml。西沙诺尼果汁多酚含量与大溪地诺尼果汁无明显差异。[结论]该研究为我国西沙诺尼果汁的保健功效研究和产品开发提供参考依据。     

Chemical components of the roots of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and their cytotoxic effects

Roots of Morinda citrifolia (Noni or Yor in Thai) have been used traditionally for thousands of years to treat chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. In this study, three new anthraquinones together with 15 known compounds were isolated from the roots of M. citrifolia (Rubiaceae). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, particularly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Six known compounds, together with two new compounds (2 and 3) showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human lung and colon cancer cells.     

Liver Protective Effects of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)

This study evaluated the protective effects of Noni fruit juice on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Liver damage (micro-centrilobular necrosis) was observed in animals pretreated with 20% placebo (drinking water) + CCl(4). However, pretreatment with 20% Noni juice in drinking water + CCl(4) resulted in markedly decreased hepatotoxic lesions. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the Noni group than the placebo group. In a correlative time-dependent study, one dose of CCl(4) (0.25 mL/kg in corn oil, p.o.) in female SD rats, pretreated with 10% placebo for 12 days, caused sequential progressive hepatotoxic lesions over a 24 h period, while a protective effect from 10% Noni juice pretreatment was observed. These results suggest that Noni juice is effective in protecting the liver from extrinsic toxin exposure.