湖南省匙指虾科新米虾属、拟米虾属和缺鞭米虾属的研究

为系统了解湖南省虾类的生物多样性，从1987年起，采集了湖南省各类水域题指虾类标本近10000号，并对其进行了系统研究。研究发现，湖南省共有匙指虾科虾类31种（亚种），隶属于米虾属、新米虾属、拟米虾属和缺鞭米虾属，其中有20种为湖南特有种，缺鞭米虾属为湖南特有属，报道了新米虾属、拟米虾属和缺鞭米虾属三属共10种的主要鉴别特征，地理分布与生活习性，并提供了种的检索表。     

光叶蚊子草挥发油成分GC-MS分析

用气相色谱-质谱法分析光叶蚊子草的挥发油化学成分.采用水蒸气蒸馏法从光叶蚊子草中提取挥发油.用归一化法测定其百分含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定化学成分.共鉴定了23个成分,占挥发油总量的78.53%以上.本方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析     

紫外线照射对中华锯齿米虾胚胎发育的影响

自抱卵的中华锯齿米虾雌虾腹部剥离取卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期和无节幼体Ⅰ期的胚胎置于培养皿中,暴露在紫外线下,照射剂量分别为0、1、2、4、8、16 W·s/cm^2,人工振荡培养箱中以速度55 r/min、温度25℃、湿度60%培养。每隔24 h在解剖镜下观察胚胎发育至48 h后进行数据分析,研究紫外线照射剂量对中华锯齿米虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,胚胎的存活率对紫外线具有明显的剂量依赖关系。随着紫外线照射剂量的增加,胚胎发育延缓。紫外线暴露后48 h的半数致死量分别为:卵裂期11.5 W·s/cm^2、囊胚期8.6 W·s/cm^2、原肠胚期12.0 W·s/cm^2、无节幼体Ⅰ期14.2 W·s/cm^2。相同的暴露剂量下,暴露时间对胚胎发育也有明显影响。     

氯化汞胁迫下不同硒源对异足新米虾SOD活性的影响

[目的]研究氯化汞胁迫下不同硒源对异足新米虾（Neocaridina heteropoda）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。[方法]在一定浓度氯化汞胁迫下,饲料中添加适量的硒,测定异足新米虾肌肉中SOD的活性。[结果]饲料中添加适量的硒可提高异足新米虾的SOD活性。[结论]添加有机硒的吸收效果好于无机硒,可提高异足新米虾对氯化汞胁迫的耐受性。     

Assessment of a biofilm‐based culture system within zero water exchange on water quality and on survival and growth of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda

The contribution of biofilm to water quality and as a food source for the culture of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda was assessed in indoor aquaria using a zero water exchange system. Two successive phases were conducted to evaluate biofilm development on different substrates (polyethylene net: PN, plastic bottles: PET, agrovelo: AV) and the effect of biofilm to shrimps culture. The biofilm grown on all substrates helped to keep a good water quality by the uptake of nitrogen compounds and the production of high levels of dissolved oxygen associated to the proliferation of autotrophic microorganisms. High survival, reproduction and hatching of shrimps were achieved in all groups mainly associated with good water quality. Final biomass of the shrimps was significant higher for PN and AV groups; while specific growth rate and the levels of lipids of the shrimps yielded similar values for all treatments indicating that the three substrates allowed the growth of a biofilm that resulted in a healthy food source with similar nutritional value for shrimps. The results show that the production of N. heteropoda heteropoda could be successfully conducted by a biofilm‐based culture system with no water exchange, and thus contributing to a better water use. All materials tested were suitable substrates for biofilm growth, though AV and PET could reduce significantly production costs when compared to the PN. Moreover, by the recycling and reuse of waste materials (such as plastic bottles) could contribute to the development of a responsible, sustainable and environmentally friendly culture method.     

生物絮团对中华锯齿米虾生长及水质的影响

实验以枯草芽孢杆菌和光合细菌为研究对象,研究了生物絮团对中华锯齿米虾养殖水体酸碱度、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、COD等水质指标的调节及其在促进米虾生长方面的作用。结果显示,添加了生物絮团的实验组,比对照组养殖水体的亚硝酸氮含量降低54%,COD水平降低39%,氨氮含量降低35%,pH值稳定保持在适宜的水平,中华锯齿米虾的存活率和增重率也有显著提高。结果表明,生物絮团的使用,能够有效调节水质,促进中华锯齿米虾的生长。     

中华锯齿米虾形态发育的初步研究

主要报道了中华锯齿米虾的形态发育。中华锯齿米虾在18~25℃的水温条件下大约需要4~5个月由受精卵发育为成熟个体。根据中华锯齿米虾胚胎发育、幼体发育和生殖腺特征,将其发育过程分为4个时期:胚胎发育时期,幼体变态期,幼体发育期,成熟期。     

福建新米虾属一新种记述 (十足目:匙指虾科)

霞浦新米虾（新种）Neocaridina xiapuensis,sp.nov。与安徽新米虾Neocaridina palmata anhuiensis相似，但前者经三对步足无明显的两性异形现象，且雄性第二腹肢雄附肢的形态结构和较小的卵径与后者均有显著不同。     

中华锯齿米虾卵黄蛋白原部分cDNA序列的克隆

卵黄蛋白原(Vitellogenin,Vg)是广泛地存在于卵生脊椎和无脊椎动物体内的雌性特异性蛋白,是卵黄蛋白(vitellin,Vn)的前体,本文通过同源克隆的方法从成熟中华锯齿米虾的卵巢中克隆到了一条长474 bp的Vg cDNA序列。用DNAMAN中的Blast功能将此片段与罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)、高背长额虾(Pandalus hypsinotus)的Vg部分序列进行比对,结果发现中华锯齿米虾与罗氏沼虾和高背长额虾的同一性分别为64%与62%。此片段为中华锯齿米虾Vg cDNA全长序列的克隆及其表达奠定了基础。