舒城县油茶低产林类型与综合改造技术模式

舒城县是安徽省油茶重点发展县,油茶产业开发走在全省的前列。本文阐述了舒城县现有油茶低产林类型、改造模式及其技术措施,对分类实施油茶低改具有一定现实意义和指导意义。     

小麦水分利用效率研究进展

介绍了小麦叶片冠层的水分利用效率估算模型,并阐述了小麦光合与水分利用效率关系的研究进展,为当前节水农业提供了大量信息。     

Modelling local-scale determinants and the probability of microarthropod species occurrence in Antarctic soils

Soil fauna in the extreme conditions of Antarctica consists of a few microinvertebrate species patchily distributed at different spatial scales. Populations of the prostigmatic mite Stereotydeus belli and the collembolan Gressittacantha terranova from northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) were used as models to study the effect of soil properties on microarthropod distributions. In agreement with the general assumption that the development and distribution of life in these ecosystems is mainly controlled by abiotic factors, we found that the probability of occurrence of S. belli depends on soil moisture and texture and on the sampling period (which affects the general availability of water); surprisingly, none of the analysed variables were significantly related to the G. terranova distribution. Based on our results and literature data, we propose a theoretical model that introduces biotic interactions among the major factors driving the local distribution of collembolans in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems.     

Body size, niche breadth, and ecologically scaled responses to habitat fragmentation: mammalian predators in an agricultural landscape

The ability to make a priori assessments of a species' response to fragmentation, based on its distribution in the landscape, would serve as a valuable conservation and management tool. During 1997-1999, we monitored 717 scent stations to examine seasonal use of forest patches, corridors, and crop fields by coyotes (Canis latrans), domestic cats (Felis catus), foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata). For each species we developed landscape-based ecologically scaled landscape indices (ELSI), and we modeled species spatial distribution across three spatial scales (landscape-level, element-level, and local habitat-level). Our results suggest that these predators view landscape fragmentation at different spatial scales and demonstrate strong interspecific differences in their response to elements of the landscape. All species except coyotes and domestic cats avoided agricultural fields. In general, predator species that were more mobile (i.e. high ESLI for landscape connectivity; coyotes) were characterized by landscape- and element-based logistic models. In contrast, models including local habitat features generally were most appropriate for less mobile or more stenophagous predators (e.g. long-tailed weasels). Our analysis extends the application of the ESLI concept to species assemblages that do not appear to function as metapopulations, and it highlights the importance of examining spatial scale and species-specific responses to habitat fragmentation. We discuss the relevance of these findings for defining ecological landscapes, understanding predator-prey interactions at multiple spatial scales, and conserving predator and prey populations in fragmented landscapes.     

南美白对虾双茬淡化养殖技术研究

研究采用南美白对虾塑料大棚保温三级淡化暂养技术等措施，实现南美白对虾池塘双茬淡化养殖。养成期间水质情况良好，水温平均（26±3）℃，pH值约8．5左右，溶氧量5．6m叽以上，氧氮约0．20mg/L，亚硝酸氮0．02m班左右，每667m^2养殖产量达426．7kg,养殖效益高达4186．7元。结果表明，采用南美白对虾双茬淡化养殖技术，延长了对虾生长期，提高了池塘利用率和经济效益，具有较好的推广价值.     

安徽省茶区生态茶业建设模式浅析

简述了安徽省茶区茶园生态环境与茶业生态经济现状及存在问题，并分析了该省不同海拔高度（＞500m与＜100m)茶园分布密集的3种不同类型生态茶业建设模式综合效益.     

用活动边界模型精确检测果实表面缺陷

在利用计算机视觉技术检测果实表面缺陷中，为解决泼水算法分割出的缺陷区域比实际大的问题，探讨了活动边界模型(ACM)的原理和求解方法，改进了活动边界模型，使ACM在开始收缩时位于目标轮廓外侧，且公式能记忆边界的方向，当存在两个相距较近的缺陷时，ACM会收敛于正确的边界。提出插值算法对得到的不连续边界进行插值，从而得到封闭的缺陷边界， 能准确检测果实表面的缺陷边界。     

Conceptual methodologies in agro-environmental systems

When continuous measurement of relevant above- and below-ground environmental factors is made, and the dynamics of crop growth and phenology is followed, it is shown that small-plot agronomic experimentation can provide information vital to the development and testing of simulation models. Such models for crops of maize (Zea mays) and the legume cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), grown as sole crops and in an intercrop system, were used to simulate yield at two separate sites in the main savanna farming zones in Ghana, West Africa. Simulation was carried out for these three cropping systems using 20 years of historical rainfall data for the two sites, investigating the effect on yield of management options which included time of planting, rate of nitrogen fertilizer application, and crop planting density.

The yield results of this series of simulations were then subject to two different types of analysis in order to assist the evaluation of agricultural options for the nation. The first analysis was an economic evaluation based on gross margins, but using the stochastic-dominance technique to rank the profitability of the alternative cropping and management systems.

The second, more general methodology employed was multi-criteria analysis (MCA). This analysis covered economic returns and their variability, the amount and quality of residue returned to the soil, and the aerial cover provided by the crop. Other factors which could affect the sustainability of production in the long term, but which could only be evaluated qualitatively, were also included in the analysis, as allowed in MCA methodology. The MCA was then carried out for three scenarios in which different weightings were given to economic outcomes and to factors which are believed to encourage ecological sustainability. These scenarios allow recognition of different priorities which might be given by traditional subsistence farmers as compared to commercial producers.

Outcomes of this broad analysis of development alternatives provided scientific support for the traditional Ghanaian practice of grain/legume intercropping which is also widespread in the tropics. The suite of methodologies illustrated by the case study appears to be suitable for the evaluation of alternative farming systems at the scale of a small nation such as Ghana.