猪轮状病毒与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒混合感染的实验室诊断

[目的]对海南省某猪场腹泻病死仔猪病原进行实验室诊断。[方法]通过临床症状观察与病理剖检,结合RT-PCR方法和病毒的分离培养进行病原鉴定。[结果]经过RT-PCR扩增,获得了PRV和TGEV阳性目的片段;应用MA-104细胞与PK-15细胞分别进行PRV与TGEV的分离培养后,可见典型的细胞病变,经过RT-PCR进一步鉴定最终确诊为PRV和TEGV混合感染。[结论]通过采用紧急接种和保守治疗等综合防治措施,获得了较好的防控效果。     

Management targets for continuously stocked mixed oat × annual ryegrass pasture in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system

Feeding livestock with cover crops can improve the efficiency and sustainability of integrated crop–livestock systems under no-till. However, no-till systems are based on permanent soil cover by organic material, so grazing livestock can compete for soil cover. Hence, managing stocking rates during the grazing period of the cultivated forage species is a key factor to assure enough herbage mass for maintaining long-term sustainable no-till systems. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine sward management targets for a continuously stocked mixed oat (Avena strigosa) × annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture in rotation with soybean in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system to determine the optimum balance between animal production and herbage mass for soil cover. The effects of sward height management on animal performance and herbage mass covers were evaluated. Treatments corresponded to four sward heights: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, maintained throughout the experimental period through continuous stocking and variable stocking rate, plus a no-grazing control area. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Herbage mass and animal performance increased linearly with sward height, but weight gain per hectare decreased. Grazing efficiency fitted to a quadratic regression and conversion efficiency a logarithmic model. Equilibrium between grazing and conversion efficiencies was reached on swards managed at 20 cm, indicating that this sward height provided enough herbage mass to allow both animal performance and no-till crop demand for soil cover.     

Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding in integrated crop-livestock systems: Effects of grazing management and crop rotation strategies

We evaluated the re-establishment of an Italian ryegrass pasture by self-seeding on a no-till integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) in the southern region of Brazil. This work is part of a long-term experimental protocol initiated in 2003. We tested the effects of various management practices, such as summer crop systems (soybean vs. maize–soybean rotation), stocking methods (continuous vs. rotational) and grazing intensities (low vs. moderate), on Italian ryegrass pasture establishment. In addition, we tested resilience of the system by testing pasture's ability to re-establish following a year without seed head production. The experiment consisted in the rotation, on the same area, of Italian ryegrass pasture grazed by sheep during the winter and up to the end of the grass production cycle, and soybean or soybean-maize grain crops rotation cultivated during the summer. The pasture established itself by self-seeding since 2005. Data were collected in 2011 and 2012 stocking season. The soybean summer crop, continuous stocking and low grazing intensity, all positively affected the production of reproductive tillers in 2011. Grazing intensity in 2011 strongly influenced early vegetative tiller densities (before crop harvest) in 2012. However, none of the grazing intensity or the stocking method treatments affected herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment in 2011 or 2012. On the other hand, the soybean summer crop positively affected pasture establishment, both in term of tiller densities and herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment. The removal of all seed heads in 2011 (preventing seed production) resulted in the total failure of pasture establishment in 2012. Overall, Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding relies on the annual replacement of the soil seed bank. This experiment demonstrated that under various stocking methods, moderate grazing intensity and maize or soybean summer crop, Italian ryegrass pasture establishment by self-seeding remains successful even when the stocking periods extended up to the end of the grass production cycle. Self-seeding with moderate grazing intensity ensures successful pasture establishment, reduces labour and costs and allows to increase the stocking period and so animal live weight gain over the grazing season.     

胶红酵母与酿酒酵母混合酒精发酵中酵母生长与糖苷酶活动力学

为了探索混合发酵中酵母生长动力学及糖苷酶活变化,评价优选的胶红酵母在葡萄酒增香酿造中的应用潜力,优化接种方案。以胶红酵母与酿酒酵母顺序接种发酵‘爱格丽’干白葡萄酒为处理,在发酵过程中,血球计数法测总酵母数量;p-NPG法测β-葡萄糖苷酶、鼠李糖苷酶、半乳糖苷酶及木糖苷酶活性;稀释平板法测2种酵母的生长变化,每24h取样,单一酿酒酵母发酵为对照。酵母生长动力学显示,顺序接种方案有助于减慢发酵速率,酿酒酵母接种时间越晚,胶红酵母的生长量随之升高且生存时间增长。4种糖苷酶主要在发酵早期表现较高的活性,混合接种发酵显著提升鼠李糖苷酶、半乳糖苷酶和木糖苷酶活性的累积量。可见顺序接种有助于降低发酵速率,增长胶红酵母生长时间,提升糖苷酶的活性,且顺序接种48h方案最具增香酿造的潜力。     

不同基质处理对盆栽散尾葵生长的影响

以塘泥、泥炭、桉树皮、花生壳、火炭灰为基本材料混配基质,在塘泥对照下,研究6种不同混配基质对盆栽散尾葵生长的影响。结果表明,散尾葵在混配基质V(泥炭)∶V(火炭灰)∶V(花生壳)=2∶2∶1中的生长表现最好,其株高、分蘖数、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率等指标均高于对照和其他处理,植株生长旺盛,叶色鲜绿。在混配基质V(桉树皮)∶V(火炭灰)=1∶1中,散尾葵的生长表现最差,各项生长指标均显著低于对照和其他处理,植株瘦弱,叶色发黄。根据综合评价结果,混配基质V(泥炭)∶V(火炭灰)∶V(花生壳)=2∶2∶1优于其他处理,较适于在盆栽散尾葵标准化生产中应用。     

适宜黑土滩栽培的牧草品种筛选研究

为了确定三江源区黑土滩栽培的适宜牧草,自20世纪90年代末开始,在果洛藏族自治州的达日县和玛沁县引进50个牧草品种进行引种筛选试验。试验结果表明,外来草种在黑土滩上引种栽培很难成功,而青海草地早熟禾等6个乡土草种应作为当前黑土滩治理中大面积推广应用的首选草种;麦宾草等草种可作为黑土滩治理的后备草种,并提出了黑土滩人工草地建植的牧草混播组合。     

酵母菌与乳酸菌混合培养条件研究

[目的]研究酵母菌与乳酸菌混合培养的条件。[方法]对产朊假丝酵母（Candida tails）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）等4种菌的混合培养条件进行了优化,分析了溶解氧、温度、pH值、接种比例及接种量对其菌体生长的影响。[结果]在培养基的起始pH值6.5、酵母菌与乳酸菌混合种子（活菌数约2×109 CFU/ml）中酿酒酵母菌数：产朊假丝酵母菌数：植物乳杆菌数：嗜酸乳杆菌数约为1∶2∶3∶3、酵母菌与乳酸菌混合种子的接种量为0.2%、前期120r/min震荡培养24 h,后期静置培养24 h,培养温度为28℃恒温24 h,32℃恒温24 h条件下,培养液中的总活菌数可达到6.50×108CFU/ml。[结论]该培养基增殖效果好,适合应用于大规模生产混合发酵酵母菌与乳酸菌的发酵剂。     

基于径向基神经网络的非寿险公司财务预警研究

选取我国保险行业中40家非寿险公司2006~2008年的混合非平衡面板数据作为研究样本，采用径向基神经网络模型从偿付能力、盈利能力、成长能力三个角度对非寿险公司财务预警进行研究。实证表明，此模型可以为管理层的财务预警提供更有有效的信息，并且在我国保险业具有样本量小，有效数据少的情况下，有着良好的运用前景。     

有机磷农药混合标准溶液配制不确定度评价（英文）

标准溶液的不确定度对农药残留检测起着非常重要的作用,影响着检测结果的准确性。笔者以实际应用的14种有机磷农药混合标准溶液为例,采用配制混合标准溶液过程单元操作的不确定度计算方法(top down),分析了在配制混合标准溶液过程中的所有影响因素,得到了最终的扩展不确定度。最终结果显示使用精准的移液器将储备液配置为混合标液,得到最终的扩展不确定度相对小。     

混播草种及其比例对黔草4号鸭茅草地产量的影响

[目的]探明黔草4号鸭茅的混播草地组合与草地产量。[方法]以黔草4号鸭茅单播为对照,在贵州省德江县共和乡建植不同混播比例的鸭茅+白三叶+多年生黑麦草、鸭茅+白三叶+高羊茅、鸭茅+白三叶共9种混播草地处理,研究不同处理对牧草高度、产量、叶茎比、豆荷比的影响。[结果]鸭茅+白三叶+多年生黑麦草(2∶1∶1)草地的产量达101 610 kg/hm~2,极显著高于其他处理,同时叶茎比为2.98,草地质量好,为最优草种组合与混播比例。[结论]该试验为筛选适宜贵州黔草4号鸭茅草地建植的最佳草种组合和混播比例提供依据。