Antioxidant activity of banana flavonoids

The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from banana (Musa paradisiaca) was studied in rats fed normal as well as high fat diets. Concentrations of peroxidation products namely malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated diens were significantly decreased whereas the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced significantly. Concentrations of glutathione were also elevated in the treated animals.     

Use of apigenin from Cordia dichotoma in the treatment of colitis

Cordia dichotoma f. (Boraginaceae) is a small deciduous tree from India. The bark of was used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and colic pain traditionally hence present work was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituent responsible for this activity. Apigenin is isolated by column chromatography from methanol fraction of crude methanol extract of C. dichotoma bark. Structure of apigenin is established by various spectroscopic studies. Apigenin (5 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant healing and reduction in inflammatory enzymes when screened for UC. It can be concluded that apigenin from C. dichotoma bark may be responsible for the treatment of UC.     

Allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) induces oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) is a novel allelochemical exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of marine unicellular alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum). Oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in P. tricornutum were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in EMA inhibition on algal growth. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents following exposure to EMA suggested that alga was suffered from oxidative stress and severely damaged. The decrease in cell activity and cellular inclusions suggested that cell growth was greatly inhibited. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxide (GSH-PX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased with the exposure concentration and decreased with the prolongation of exposure time. Cellular ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) systems were also involved in resisting oxidative stress of EMA by altering the composition of AsA and GSH pools. EMA exposure increased the contents of AsA, GSH, dehydroascorbate (DAsA) and glutathione (GSSG). However, the regeneration rate of AsA/DAsA did not change obviously between treatments and the control, while that of GSH/GSSG decreased significantly under 14 mmol/L EMA exposure on the 3rd day. These results showed that EMA-induced oxidative damage might be responsible for EMA inhibition on P. tricornutum growth and cellular antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants were improved to counteract the oxidative stress.     

干旱胁迫对柔枝松幼苗丙二醛含量的影响

[目的]探讨干旱胁迫对柔枝松(Pinus flexilis James.)幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。[方法]采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法,测定了6个柔枝松种源2年生苗(Ra、Rsi、Rs、Rg、Rsd和Rl)在干旱胁迫过程中的MDA含量。[结果]在整个干旱胁迫过程中种源Ra和Rsi的MDA含量变化较小,膜质受损程度较小,抵抗干旱的能力较强;种源Rs的MDA含量变化最大,膜质受损最严重,抵抗干旱的能力最弱。[结论]为柔枝松的抗旱机理研究提供了理论依据。     

铁元素对农田人参丙二醛含量及防御酶活性的影响

[目的]研究Fe2＋对人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）叶中防御酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。[方法]采用叶面供Fe2＋的方法。试验共设5个处理,Fe2＋浓度分别为：0（对照）、0.005%、0.050%、0.500%、2.000%。[结果]随着供Fe2＋水平的升高,MDA含量先降低后升高,过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈持续上升趋势,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升高后降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。[结论]从生理角度揭示了铁元素在人参生长发育中的作用机理,为人参的合理施肥提供理论参考。     

穗生长发育阶段水分逆境对超级稻叶片丙二醛含量的影响

通过水分仪结合称重法人为控制土壤水分的盆栽试验,研究了穗生长发育阶段水分逆境胁迫条件对不同类型超级稻叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:在幼穗分化开始至分化后30 d,不同时段的水分逆境均导致叶片丙二醛含量明显增加,加速了叶片膜脂过氧化,并且所受影响的程度随生育时间的增加、控水天数的延长以及叶位的降低而加重。水分逆境导致叶片尤其是下部叶片膜脂过氧化作用增强,丙二醛含量显著升高,倒三叶丙二醛含量最高,增加的程度也最大,其次是倒二叶,剑叶相对较低。不同品种受水分逆境影响的程度不同,普通杂交稻汕优63受影响较大,其次是超级稻Ⅱ优602,超级稻两优培九和国稻6号受影响相对较小,对水分逆境的敏感性不同品种表现有差异。     

5个一串红品种耐热性鉴定

一串红是夏季园林常见花卉，2008年北京奥运会召开期间正值北京地区夏季高温天气，为使一串红发挥出很好的景观效应，选用耐热性好的品种是关键措施之一。通过对自育的1120#、12#、73#品种和国外引进的展望、王后共5个一串红品种在热胁迫处理下叶绿素含量、电导率、MDA和脯胺酸含量测定，结果表明，随着热处理时间延长，展望和王后叶片叶绿素下降速度最大、细胞膜伤害率上升最快、MDA含量达最大、脯氨酸含量增幅较小，是最不耐热的2个品种，1120#、12#和73#品种耐热性较好。这种耐热性差异在北京地区夏季盆花生产中也得到证实。因此，在夏季高温季节种植一串红，建议选用耐热性较好的1120#、12#和73#品种。     

日本大耳白兔抗氧化物酶活性增龄性变化研究

选择日本大耳白兔,按年龄分为幼年、青年、老年三组,分别测定动脉血血清SOD、MDA、GSH—px活性水平,以探讨日本大耳白兔抗氧化物酶活性增龄性变化。结果显示：随着年龄的增长,血清SOD活性在中年期以前是随增龄而增加,青年组显著高于幼年CR（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,在中年期以后是随增龄而降低,老年组明显低于青年组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;血清MDA含量是随增龄而增加,老年组明显高于青年组和幼年组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,青年组明显高于幼年CR（P〈0．05）;血清GSH—px活性随增龄而降低,老年组显著低于青年组和幼年组（P〈0．01）,青年组显著低于幼年组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。机体在衰老过程中体内自由基生成增加。抗氧化物酶活性全面降低可能是加速机体衰老的原因之一。     

Mechanisms for protection of berberine against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice

AIM:To investigate the mechanisms by which berberine attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury, and provide a new strategy for the treatment of the lung injury due to LPS. METHODS:BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into three groups (control, LPS group, and berberine treatment group). Mice were administered intragastrically with distilled water (0.1 mL/10 g) or neutral sulfate berberine (50 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days, 1 h after intragastrical treatment on day 3, LPS (20 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip). All animals were sacrificed 12 h after LPS injection, the left lung tissue sections were prepared for histology analysis and the right lung were used to determine the ratio of wet to dry lung tissue weight (W/D). In another experiment, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and then the total protein content, and the amounts of white blood cells (WBC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in BALF were determined. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) was detected with immunohistochemical analysis by using phospho-cPLA2(Ser505) antibody, and the contents of thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in BALF, malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lungs, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissues were also determined.RESULTS:LPS induced acute lung injury, activated cPLA₂, and increased TXB₂ content in the BALF and MDA level in the lung tissue. The pretreatment with berberine significantly attenuated lung injury, lung edema and protein leakage induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The expression of phospho-cPLA₂ in the lung tissues and TXB₂ content in the BALF in the berberine treatment group were lower than those in LPS group (P<0.05). In addition, the content of MDA in the lung tissue was lower in the berberine treatment group than LPS group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in activity of lung SOD between the berberine treatment and LPS group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with berberine remarkably reduces the LPS-induced lung injury, which is, at least in part, through inhibiting phosphorylation of cPLA₂ and decreasing lipid peroxidation. These findings provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury.     

内毒素对仔鸡血浆SOD活性及MDA水平的影响

为了探讨大肠埃希菌O55∶B5的内毒素(LPS)对仔鸡的损伤机理,将168只仔鸡随机分成4组(n=42),即对照组,100 mg/kgLPS组,200 mg/kg LPS组,300 mg/kg LPS组。灌服内毒素后,分别于2,4,8,12,24,48 h和72 h处死鸡(各时间点均为6只),测定血浆SOD活性和MDA浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比,各剂量组鸡血浆SOD活性均明显降低,MDA含量均明显升高(P<0.05)。且各剂量组之间SOD活性随攻毒剂量的增加而降低,随时间的延长先降低后升高;MDA含量随攻毒剂量的增加而升高,随时间的延长先升高后降低。表明一定量内毒素能诱发鸡体内氧自由基的产生,显著降低机体中SOD的活性和提高MDA的含量。