宁夏水稻种质资源主要抗稻瘟病基因的鉴定和评价

针对宁夏地区水稻抗稻瘟病主要基因尚不清楚的现状，采用已克隆抗稻瘟病基因的功能标记对143份宁夏水稻种质资源进行抗稻瘟病基因的分子扫描。同时，利用宁夏地区致病性强且致病力频率高的10个稻瘟病菌菌株混合悬浮液进行人工接种与自然诱发相结合的方法鉴定其抗病性。进而开展稻瘟病抗性性状与抗性基因的关联分析。结果表明：在宁夏水稻种质资源中表现主要的抗病基因有Pikm、Pi9、Pi2、Pi5和Pid2。在此基础上，对主要抗病基因在宁夏水稻品种中的应用进行评价，发现Pikm、Pi9、Pi5、和Pid2基因在宁夏水稻种质资源中的分布频率比较低，分别为0.56、0.35、0.30、和0.11。所以这些基因是今后改良宁夏水稻稻瘟病抗性的主要抗病基因。     

武汉主汛期小时降水变化

为了加强对武汉市主汛期降水气候和气候变化特征的了解,使用统计方法分析武汉市1955—2015年汛期小时降水数据。结果表明：武汉主汛期降水量443.5 mm,降水小时149 h,降水日数22.7天,降水强度19.5 mm/d;主汛期降水量05时最多28.9 mm,降水发生概率最大是04时13.1%,最小21时8.3%;主汛期内小时降水强度05时最大3.6 mm/h,16时最小1.9 mm/h;降水量、降水强度呈上升趋势,主汛期第3旬的降水强度增加趋势明显。城市防汛抗内涝应更多关注小时降水变化。     

雅安市主要造林树种苗木质量的分级研究

对2006年雅安各县苗圃主要造林树种苗木进行调查,以地径(D)和苗高(H)作为质量指标,采用逐步聚类分析对苗木质量进行分级,结合生产实际探讨了雅安市主要造林树种苗木标准。其中有些树种的苗木分级标准为首次研究。标准中各指标均大于现行国家标准,能较好地反映实际生产水平,为育苗生产和制定地方标准提供了参考。     

竹类植物种质资源的收集及其利用研究

江苏省林业科学研究院竹类植物种质资源圃始建于20世纪70年代初期,至1989年底,共收集引进保存了4属26个竹种,保存圃面积0.667hm2。从2004~2006年,进一步扩建竹类植物种质资源圃,面积达4.0 hm2,现有竹类植物22属98种(含变种或变型),且竹种成活率、保存率较高。分别简要介绍了各个竹种主要用途及其配置方式与竹种选择,并提出了相关开发利用的建议。     

A global sensitivity analysis of cultivar trait parameters in a sugarcane growth model for contrasting production environments in Queensland,Australia

New sugarcane cultivars are continuously developed to improve sugar industry productivity. Despite this sugarcane crop models such as the ‘Sugar’ module in the Agricultural Productions System sIMulator (APSIM-Sugar) have not been updated to reflect the most recent cultivars. The implications of misrepresenting cultivar parameters in APSIM-Sugar is difficult to judge as little research has been published on the likely values of these parameters and how uncertainty in parameter values may affect model outputs. A global sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand how cultivar parameters influence simulated yields. A Gaussian emulator was used to perform a global sensitivity analysis on simulated biomass and sucrose yield at harvest for two contrasting sugarcane-growing regions in Queensland, Australia. Biomass and sucrose yields were simulated for 42 years to identify inter-annual variability in output sensitivities to 10 parameters that represent physiological traits and can be used to simulated differences between sugarcane cultivars. Parameter main effect (S_i) and total effect (ST_i) sensitivity indices and emulator accuracy were calculated for all year-region-output combinations. When both regions were considered together parameters representing radiation use efficiency (rue), number of green leaves (green_leaf_no) and a conductance surrogate parameter (k_L) were the most influential parameters for simulated biomass in APSIM-Sugar. Simulated sucrose yield was most sensitive to rue, sucrose_fraction (representing the fraction of biomass partitioned as sucrose in the stem) and green_leaf_no. However, climate and soil differences between regions changed the level of influence cultivar parameters had on simulation outputs. Specifically, model outputs were more sensitive to changes in the transp_eff_cf and k_L parameters in the Burdekin region due to lower rainfall and poor simulated soil conditions. Collecting data on influential traits that are relatively simple to measure (e.g. number of green leaves) during cultivar development would greatly contribute to the simulation of new cultivars in crop models. Influential parameters that are difficult to measure directly such as transp_eff_cf and sucrose_fraction are ideal candidates for statistical calibration. Calibrating crop models either through direct observation or statistical calibration would allow crop modellers to better test how new cultivars will perform in a range of production environments.     

水稻幼苗耐Al3+胁迫的QTL定位分析

用珍汕97B／密阳46构建RIL群体及其遗传图谱，对其种子采用纸培法育苗和培养，并设2个Al^3＋浓度（20mg／L和30mg／L）胁迫处理，以处理20d后的幼苗相对根长（％）和相对苗高（％）为耐Al^3＋胁迫指标，用于QTL定位分析。结果表明，以相对根长为指标，检测到2个耐Al^3＋胁迫的主效应QTL，即qRAC（r）2和qRAC（r）11，其中qRAC（r）2在2个胁迫处理下均被检测到，有效基因来自于珍汕97B，贡献率较大（12．92％和16．15％），表现出较强的耐Al^3＋胁迫功能。以相对苗高为指标，还检测到qRAC（s）11—2（20mg／LAl^3＋）和qRAC（s）11-1（30mg／L Al^3＋）2个主效应QTL，它们均位于第11染色体。耐Al^3＋胁迫的QTL上位性分析还表明，总的QTL上位性互作效应比主效应QTL的作用更大，且显示出相当的复杂性，在不同胁迫浓度下，基因间可以通过不同的互作方式，表现出对高Al^3＋胁迫的耐性。以相对根长为指标，检测到8对上位性互作，涉及1、2、3、5、6、10等6条染色体的15个QTL位点；以相对苗高为指标，共检测到6对上位性互作，涉及第l、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、12等9条染色体；且几乎所有互作均发生在背景因子的QTL位点间。     

New molecular markers linked to qualitative and quantitative powdery mildew and scald resistance genes in barley for dry areas

A partial genetic linkage map was constructed on 71 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between the barley lines Tadmor and WI2291 with 181 molecular markers. The segregating population was used to detect markers linked to the gene Mlg conferring resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) and to genes for quantitative resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis). The gene Mlg on chromosome 4H was flanked by two AFLP markers at a distance of 2.0 and 2.4 cM, respectively. QTLs for resistance to scald were detected on chromosomes 2H and 3H. This association of molecular markers with qualitative and quantitative disease resistance loci represents a valuable starting-point for marker-assisted selection. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦产量及主要产量性状演变的分析

该文对１９８３￣１９９４年南方冬麦区小麦良种区域试验毕节试点６轮参试品种（系）的产量及主要产量构成性状的演变进行了分析，结果表明，近期内育成小麦品种的穗粒数和穗粒重均较高，系丰产潜力提高的２个重要因素。灰色关联度分析结果表明，４个产量性状与数量的关联度大小依次为穗粒重〉穗粒数〉亩有效穗数〉千粒重，为小麦高产育种提供重要的理论依据。     

中国粮食主产区主要粮食作物比较优势与发展对策研究

粮食生产的发展受多种因素的综合作用，首先分析了自然、经济、社会等因素对粮食生产的影响，在此基础上，研究了我国长江中下游流域、黄淮海流域和东北三省三大粮食主产区1979—2003年间不同作物在不同区域的单产比较优势、规模比较优势和综合比较优势，总结了五大粮食作物不同区域的优势表现。最后提出发挥我国粮食主产区比较优势，提高我国粮食主产区粮食综合生产能力的思路与对策。     

福建省生态农业发展现状与对策

简析了福建省生态农业发展现状与存在的问题,并提出今后重点建设“四大工程”以及增加投入、推行清洁生产、建设生态农业示范县、加强闽台与国际生态农业技术合作和建设三大保障体系发展对策。