胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。     

The critical N dilution curve for linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is different from other C3 species

The objective was to determine the critical N dilution curve of linseed, which is the minimal total N concentration in shoots necessary to produce the maximal shoot dry matter, and to explain possible differences with other C3 species. One main experiment was carried out in 1998/1999 on winter linseed with four levels of fertilizer N. Two plant densities were also studied, the recommended one (600 seeds m⁻²) and the minimum for canopy closure (150 seeds m⁻²), in order to investigate the stability with plant density of the critical N dilution curve. Shoot dry weights (W_S) and shoot N contents expressed in percentage (N_S) were measured for the determination of the critical dilution curve, along with organ N percentages and relative weights. The results of four other experiments were used to validate the critical N dilution curve. Three of these four trials were conducted on winter linseed (one in 1996/1997 and two in 1997/1998) with five levels of fertilizer N, and one on spring linseed in 1999 with six levels of fertilizer N.

The critical N dilution curve of linseed was different from those of other C3 species. The curve was steeper, indicating a greater decrease in the critical shoot N concentration (N_SC) as the critical shoot dry weight (W_SC) increased. This linseed curve determined with the data of the main experiment was relevant when compared to the data of the four other experiments. Organ weight ratios and N concentration of organs were investigated in a fertilizer N treatment resulting in N_S close to the critical N values, N_SC. In this treatment, the decrease in N_S was the result of both a decrease in the N percentage of all organs and a decrease in the leaf weight ratio. The difference between linseed and other C3 species was mainly due to an acceleration of the dilution of N when leaf emission stopped and the flower bud emission began. At this stage of development, the leaf weight ratio of linseed was less than that of wheat, resulting in lower N_S. For a given W_S, no significant differences in N_S, organ N percentages nor organ weight ratios were observed between the two plant densities. This indicates that the difference between linseed and other C3 species could not result from very high plant densities in linseed. Hence, it is concluded that the linseed N accumulation in shoot is different from other C3 species.     

Effects of plant growth regulator treatments on stem vascular tissue development in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a widely grown source of industrial and edible oil. Other varieties of the same species (flax) are cultivated for the long, strong bast fibres of their stems. The bast fibres of linseed generally go unused, although there is growing interest in developing linseed into a dual-purpose flax from which both seed and fibre could be utilized. Towards this objective, an improved understanding is required of the role of plant growth regulators in stem and fibre development in linseed. We have tested the effects of applying varying combinations of gibberellic acid (GA₃), the auxin indole-3-acetic acid, and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) to an elite linseed variety (CDC Bethune). Results showed that GA stimulated stem elongation, stem expansion and the proliferation, expansion, elongation and cell wall thickening of xylem fibres. The impact of GA on phloem tissues was less apparent, although GA had a positive effect on the number of bast fibres observed in stem transverse section, and GA₃ application in combination with IAA increased the thickness of bast fibre secondary walls nearly two-fold. Other than the bast fibre cell walls, IAA treatments (alone or in combination with GA₃) did not affect most aspects of linseed stem development, suggesting that the observed effects of GA were not mediated by cross-talk with IAA. The relationships defined here between GA, stem architecture, and bast fibre properties in linseed provide a useful framework for manipulation of fibre properties through breeding, biotechnology, and field treatments.     

Accumulation of cadmium by flax and linseed cultivars in field-simulated conditions: A potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils

The possibility of use of two technological types of Linum usitatissimum L., namely flax (grown for fibre) and linseed (grown for seed), for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from Cd-contaminated soil was studied. A four-year field-simulated experiment was carried out with 6 flax and 4 linseed cultivars in order to study organ accumulation of Cd by flax and linseed plants at artificial concentration range 10-1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil. The most Cd was accumulated by roots, followed by shoots, while reproductive parts (capsules and seeds) played comparably smaller role. The increasing soil Cd concentration resulted in increasing Cd accumulation by roots, while transport to above-ground plant parts was progresivelly inhibited. Even high soil Cd concentrations (1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil) had not dramatic negative effect on plant growth and development. Cultivar differences as well as the differences between both technological Linum types have been found in Cd accumulation (flax being better Cd accumulator than linseed). Nevertheless, the recorded variation between technological types and within cultivars is in multiples of Cd values (units of mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW), not in orders of magnitude as needed for practical phytoextraction. A significant year-to-year effect on plant growth/development resulting in high variation in Cd accumulation was observed. Flax cv. Jitka exhibited good transport of Cd from roots to above-ground parts, while flax cv. Merkur showed high retention of Cd in roots. Further, the contrasting cultivars in total Cd accumulation (high accumulating flax cv. Jitka versus low accumulating linseed cv. Jupiter) were selected for future experiments. The uptake of Cd by flax/ linseed from ha per season was calculated and the strategy for flax/linseed growing on heavy metal polluted soils with subsequent utilization of heavy metal-contaminated biomass is discussed.     

油用亚麻F4农艺性状的综合评价

分析油用亚麻杂交后代株系的农艺性状对产量的贡献,可以为育种选择提供理论依据。试验分别考察了来自F。1个油用亚麻株系的主要农艺性状。分析结果表明,其农艺性状均存在丰富的遗传变异。通过相关分析,得出F4中有4对性状达显著或极显著相关。对F4杂交种的7个农艺性状按最短距离法进行聚类分析,结果表明可分为5类;通过进行主成分分析,分剐选取能代表全部遗传信息85％以上的5个主成分．并对各个性状在相应主成分中的贡献率进行分析,F5应选择单株粒重较大,果球数较多,株高、分枝数和分茎数适中的材料。     

胡麻产量构成相关性状的通径分析

通过调查测定胡麻13个品系的单株产量及与其相关的主要农艺性状——株高（x1）、工艺长度（X2）、分茎数（X3）、分枝数（X4）、单株果球数（X5）、每果粒数（X6）及单株粒重（Y）7个性状,应用逐个选入自变数的回归方法,得到13个最优多元线形回归方程,再对入选的几个主要性状进行通径分析,明确了提高胡麻单株产量．首先要具有一定的单株果球数、株高和每果粒数。其次,不同的品系对单株粒重起关键作用的性状不同。     

The development and comparison of bio-thermoset plastics from epoxidized plant oils

This study investigates the development of thermoset plastics from plant-based oils (e.g., linseed, soybean, cottonseed, oilseed radish, and peanut oils) using an optimal process of solvent-free epoxidation. The epoxidation of plant oils can be accomplished economically by reacting the double bonds of fatty-acids with hydrogen peroxide. During the solvent-free process catalyzed by the ion-exchange resin, we observed that the influence of several variables was important: the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, acetic acid to unsaturation, and temperature. The epoxidation of plant oils was determined from the liquid mixture and the composite matrix by thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds with a higher double-bond (iodine) value showed higher oxirane oxygen percent and selectivity, and a higher hydroxyl value because of a greater possibility of attack by solutions causing side reactions. Lower iodine values indicated fewer epoxy groups and selectivity, and a lower hydroxyl value. Benzyl pyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) yielded good thermal curing properties; as little as 1% added to the plastics produced light-weight composites. Epoxidized linseed oil promises the highest modulus and impact resistance due to the largest number of double bonds to contribute more epoxy groups and the large proportion of linolenic acids to produce epoxy groups rapidly.     

提高胡麻花药培养中愈伤组织诱导率的关键技术研究

通过对胡麻花药培养与再生体系建立的条件探索，比较不同基因型的花药培养能力的差异．比较不同预处理对花药愈伤组织的诱导率。旨在建立高效的胡麻花药培养再生体系，筛选最佳的基因型，同时可为育种选择提供理想的材料。可为其他作物生物技术育种工作提供可借鏊的经验。     

亚麻油粉末油脂制备的研究

以明胶、阿拉伯胶为主要壁材，采用复合凝聚法原理（G-A法），对亚麻油进行微胶囊化，从而制得一种微胶囊化效率高的粉末亚麻油产品。这种粉末油脂流动性好、外观好，是一种理想的保健品。     

亚麻籽对肉鸡生产性能及肌肉中ω-3 PUFA富集的影响

本研究采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究日粮中添加亚麻籽和VE对肉鸡生产性能及总ω-3 PUFA沉积的影响.随机选取1 020只2周龄的AA肉鸡,分成16个试验组和1个对照组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组添加不同水平的亚麻籽和VE.结果表明:试验5组(3%亚麻籽)肉鸡平均日增重比对照组低3.38%(P<0.05),胸肉和腿肉中沉积的总ω-3 PUFA分别比对照组提高77.91%和94.11%(P<0.01);建立总ω-3 PUFA沉积量和平均日增重的综合函数为:L(y)=43.65 1.55 X1 1.51 X12 1.69X22.以上结果提示,亚麻籽和VE的添加量分别为16.39、0.07 g/kg时,肌肉中总ω-3 PUFA沉积较多,同时肉鸡的平均日增重较高.