Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes

Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.In the present study,a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr(leaf rust resistance)genes were inoculated with 16Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s)in the greenhouse.These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance(APR)genes(Lr12,Lr22b,Lr34,Lr35 and Lr37)were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding,Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.Furthermore,10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.Nonetheless,Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46.Lr genes namely,Lr9,Lr19,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr47,Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.Lr18,Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage.Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.Four race-specific APR genes Lr12,Lr13,Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.Seven race-specific genes,Lr2b,Lr2c,Lr11,Lr16,Lr26,Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China.     

叶用莴苣耐热品种筛选

为快速、有效地筛选出耐热优质叶用莴苣品种,实现夏季耐热栽培,搜集国内外36个叶用莴苣品种进行人工模拟高温栽培试验,测定各品种的热害指数、根系活力、叶片相对电导率及氧自由基含量等指标。初步筛选出卡斯特奶油生菜、苦细叶、西班牙、双子结球生菜、美国结球生菜等5个较耐高温叶用莴苣品种。     

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

由活泼清丽到低沉悲凉——论李清照词意象的嬗变与其身世环境的相关性

意象是融入了主观情意的客观物象,或者是借助客观物象表现出来的主观情意。通过对意象的分析,可以领略作者的主观感情、抱负情怀以及身世环境。本文通过对李清照不同词中意象的分析,揭示出女词人人生境况的变化。     

李锐小说的悲剧意识

李锐小说有种沈从文式的地久天长的生命悲情。充分展示了特殊年代中国人生存的种种困境:有人遭遇"超自然"的神秘莫测的悲剧命运;有人在伦理的压制下或惨遭戕害或挣扎着生活;有人在权力意志作用下被侮辱或被损害。尽显其小说浓郁的悲剧意识。     

科学管理与调控钾肥,实现玉米高产稳产

应用"土壤养分状况系统研究法"对吉林省202个土壤样品化验分析和生物诊断.结果表明,土壤缺钾位序由70年代的N、P、Zn、K演变为N、K、Zn、P,钾肥在我省春玉米的平衡施肥中起着重要作用;各品种玉米对土壤和肥料中钾素的敏感程度不同,吸收钾的数量差异悬殊.钾肥在不同类型土壤上对玉米增产数量有较大差异,在黑土上增产15.1%,淡黑钙土上增产20.4%,风沙土上增产38.8%.试验还得出了土壤中速效钾含量与施钾最大增产量呈极显著的直线负相关(y=3491.5-23.0X)。     

增城菜心黄曲条跳甲发生特点及绿色防控技术

增城菜心是广州市增城区知名的特产蔬菜品种,为了全面落实农药使用量零增长行动,增城区建立了菜心黄曲条跳甲绿色防控示范区。本文分析了当地黄曲条跳甲的发生规律和危害特点,总结了推广和应用信息素黄板、杀虫灯、防虫网和科学用药等绿色防控措施,以有效控制黄曲条跳甲危害,减少农药使用量,提高菜心产量和品质,增加菜农收入。     

草鱼PRL基因多态性与幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联分析

为了探索草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)PRL(prolactin)基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联性,通过测序法从10尾草鱼的PRL基因中筛选到6个突变率高于30%的变异位点,包括5个单核苷酸变异位点和1个插入型突变(–/CACTCACTA),分别命名为2551GA、2639GC、3247AG、5197TG、5897GA和3391–+。利用AS-PCR(allele-specific PCR)和基因分型技术对192尾4月龄草鱼的PRL基因变异位点进行检测;基于一般线性模型对变异位点多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分进行相关性分析。研究发现,2639GC、3391–+和5197TG对体长和体重具有显著影响(P0.05),2639GC对肌肉粗蛋白含量具有显著影响(P0.05)。单个位点基因型比较发现,3391–+的突变型(–+和++)个体的体长和体重均显著高于野生型(––)个体(P0.05);2639GC的GC及5197TG的突变型(TG和GG)个体的体长和体重分别显著低于2639GC的GG和5197TG的TT野生型(P0.05);2639GC突变型(CC)个体的粗蛋白含量显著高于2639GC其他基因型(GG和GC)个体(P0.05)。两位点组合比较发现,含3391–+突变型(–+和++)的组合对应体长和体重普遍高于其他组,含2639GC的CC突变型的组合对应粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量普遍较高,其中粗蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。研究表明,草鱼PRL基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分间存在显著关联,推测相关变异位点可作为草鱼生长和肉质改良的候选辅助标记。     

HPLC法检测乳品中对羟基苯甲酸酯类和纳他霉素

建立了乳制品中的对羟基苯甲酸酯类和纳他霉素的高效液相色谱分析方法.样品用甲醇提取后,使用C18反相色谱柱分离,以甲醇-醋酸水溶液为流动相,紫外检测器检测,检测波长256nm和305nm条件下5种防腐剂在35min之内完全分离.在一定条件下各组分的相关系数均大于0.9990,线形范围1～100mg/kg,回收率为83.7％～103％.