Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

工业4.0时代家具产业的制造模式

"工业4.0"是以智能制造为主导的"第四次工业革命",现已被认为是全球制造业未来发展的方向,即"工业4.0时代"。目前,中国经济已经进入新常态,其经济增长将更加看重创新。因此,以"工业4.0"和"互联网+"为主旋律的创新驱动将成为传统产业转型升级和经济发展的动力。笔者主要概述了"工业4.0"、"互联网+"、"中国制造2025"、家具产业制造模式等方面内容,同时指出了家具产业作为传统制造业,应该立足于坚实的工业基础,借鉴"工业4.0"的战略思维,积极探索"制造业+互联网",使家具产业借助于"互联网+"实现素质提升和转型升级。     

中国农业机械化绿色可持续发展理论框架研究

分析农业机械化绿色可持续发展理论提出的现实与政策背景。介绍中国农业机械化发展阶段划分现状以及国内外现有农业1.0-4.0理论框架体系,在此基础上提出农业机械化1.0-4.0各发展阶段的内涵,分别从种植业、畜牧养殖业、水产渔业各狭义行业对1.0-4.0发展阶段特点进行阐述。提出农业机械化发展4.0阶段工作模式,并对其决策层、数据层、物理层、约束层、网络层、共享层等各层次的内涵进行探究。提出了农业机械化绿色可持续发展理论框架体系并分析其运行机制,分别从信息化技术、资源要素、产业链、基础支撑体系、全程全面高质高量装备、农业机械化政策支持体系等层面详细阐述各要素内涵及作用。最后对绿色可持续农业机械化的发展方向与趋势进行总结。     

在德国工业4.0背景下探讨中国机床制造业的发展趋势

2013年12月德国在全球制造业迅猛发展的背景下提出了工业4.0的概念,德国作为世界制造业强国,特别是机床制造业的顶尖国家,其发布该计划对于我国大而不强的机床制造业具有十分重要的意义。近年来,我国积极推进机床制造业的工业化和信息化融合,强调智能化、数字化的德国工业对我国“两化”融合有重要的借鉴意义。     

税收优惠政策对农业科技创新影响的研究

我国的相关农业税收优惠政策能够对农业科技起到一定的促进作用,却对相关的研发 投入具有消减作用,对相关的人力投入的激励作用也不够明显。本文研究我国的税收优惠政策 对当前农业科技创新的重要影响,分别从促进农业企业的市场竞争力、降低农业科技创新的融 资风险、增加人才培养和引进、提供信贷优惠等方面进行探讨。     

鲤遗传连锁图谱的构建

利用JoinMap 4.0软件包,以德国镜鲤选育系为祖父母所培育的自交F2群体的68个个体为作图群体,首次以新型分子标记单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)为主要作图标记,以微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)和表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST)为辅助标记,采用CP(CrossPollinators)模型构建鲤的遗传连锁图谱。构建的遗传连锁图谱含有560个标记(174个SSR标记、41个EST-SSR标记和345个SNP标记),分布在50个连锁群上,最大连锁群由60个标记组成,最小连锁群仅含2个标记,平均每个连锁群有11.2个标记。最大连锁群的图距为198.1厘摩(centimorgan,cM),最小的连锁群图距为1.5 cM,图谱总图距为3 295.92 cM,标记间平均间距为7.21 cM,图谱覆盖率为76.26%。构建的图谱为中等密度的遗传连锁图谱可为进一步的鲤相关经济性状的QTL定位研究和分子标记辅助选择育种(MAS)打下基础。研究亮点:首次以新型分子标记SNP为主要作图标记并以SSR标记为...     

浅析甘肃TM遥感影像地图制作

卫星遥感影像数据较大,覆盖我省的TM遥感影像达到了15G以上的量级,给影像地图的制作带来一定困难。本文通过ENVI4.0软件,针对甘肃省TM卫星遥感影像地图的制图方法及相关技术问题进行了探讨。     

中国种业科技创新的智能时代——“玉米育种4.0”

二十一世纪是人类社会全面步入人工智能的时代。人工智能与生命科学的结合必将为医疗、健康、农业等行业带来革命性变革,同时也为我国玉米种业的发展提供了千载难逢的历史机遇。回顾育种发展历史,作物育种技术的变迁大致经历了3个阶段,即古近代耕作者基于表型观察开展的农作物驯化与农家品种选育;现代职业育种家借助遗传学与统计学知识,基于经验开展的新品种改良;分子育种工作者应用基因工程和分子标记技术定向改造作物性状。伴随人类社会步入互联网、大数据、人工智能"三位一体"的时代,育种学已步入第4个历史时期。美国科学院院士、玉米遗传育种学家Edwards Buckler教授提出"育种4.0"的理念,未来育种将在基因编辑与合成生物学、基因组与生物信息学、大数据与人工智能等跨学科、多技术支撑下,实现作物新品种的智能、高效、定向培育,最终推动育种学从"艺术"到"科学"到"智能"的革命性转变。     

Identification of Stable Quantitative Trait Loci for Sheath Blight Resistance Using Recombinant Inbred Line

To identify stable quantitative trait loci(QTLs) responsible for sheath blight resistance, a recombinant inbred line mapping population consisting of 219 lines was developed by crossing Lemont and Yangdao 4. Average disease rating, average lesion length, maximum disease rating and maximum lesion length were assayed in six different environments. A total of 128 minor effect QTLs were detected by multiple interval mapping. These QTLs explained less than 11.2% of the phenotypic variations individually, and 106 QTLs were clustered in 20 QTL-rich regions/putative loci. Significant QTL × environment interactions were detected at three putative loci(q SBR11.1, q SBR11.2 and q SBR11.3), indicating that these three loci were not stable. The other 17 stable loci(qSBR1.1, qS BR1.2, qS BR2.1, qS BR2.3, qS BR3.1, qS BR3.2, qS BR3.5, qS BR3.6, qS BR5.1, qS BR7.1, qSBR8.1, qS BR9.1, qS BR9.2, qSBR9.3, qSBR12.1, qS BR12.2 and qS BR12.4) provided a foundation for marker-assisted selection in breeding. Analysis of allelic effect on the 20 putative loci identified 7 highly stable loci, including qS BR3.2, qS BR7.1, qS BR8.1, qSBR9.2, qSBR9.3, qSBR12.1 and qSBR12.2.     

用JoinMaP(R) 3.0初步构建小麦遗传连锁图

以普通小麦品种“望水白”与“Alondra”杂交并通过单粒传方法获得的含104个重组自交系(F7)的群体为作图群体,采用JoinMap 3．0软件初步构建了含有2个RAPD、109个SSR和105个AFLP多态性标记的小麦遗传整合图谱。该图谱的遗传总距离为1241．4cM,含有25个连锁群,已确认其中24个连锁群相应的染色体,除3D染色体外,其余20条染色体均构建了遗传连锁图。A、B、D3个染色体组的染色体平均长度分别为75．1cM、59．6cM和45．8cM,每个染色体平均分布的多态性标记分别为11．3、13．8和5．5个,标记间的平均间隔为5．7cM,仍有25．8％的多态性标记未能构建进遗传图谱。