排序方式: 共有33条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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以焉耆县甜叶菊田间调查结果为依据,将该地区危害严重的寄生杂草向日葵列当和瓜列当作为对象,通过盆栽和培养皿发芽试验,采集甜叶菊不同生长时期(S1和S2)的根、地上部以及根际土,测定其甲醇浸提液诱导2种列当种子的发芽率。结果表明,甜叶菊根际土的甲醇浸提液能够刺激瓜列当和向日葵列当种子发芽,且发芽率随稀释倍数增加逐渐降低,S2时期甲醇浸提液原液对列当种子萌发的刺激作用最强,发芽率分别为59.9%和35%。甜叶菊不同生育期的根部甲醇浸提液刺激2种列当种子的发芽率高于地上部,发芽率随植株根和地上部甲醇提取液稀释倍数增加而降低;甜叶菊植株甲醇浸提液刺激瓜列当种子萌发的发芽率整体高于向日葵列当。本研究探明瓜列当寄生于甜叶菊的内在原因,从而为治理甜叶菊田间瓜列当提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Oren Shelef Ofer Guy Elaine Solowey Michael Kam A. Allan Degen Shimon Rachmilevitch 《Arid Land Research and Management》2016,30(2):209-228
With globalization in the last century, introduction of exotic plant species for commercial use has become more accessible. Such attempts may involve extreme land changes. We stress that domestication of native species should be preferred to the introduction of exotic species. We took the initial steps in domesticating several species by examining commercial uses and studying aspects of plant physiology. The following desert plants were considered: Bassia indica, for salt phytoremediation and for livestock feed; Commiphora gileadensis, as an agent against cancer cells; Artemisia sieberi and A. judaica, as plants with allopathic traits; Ficus palmate, as a stand for fig plantation; Balanites aegyptiaca, as a medicinal plant and for other uses; Portulaca oleracea and Scorzonera judaica, as food crops with added values; and Pistacia atlantica, as rootstock for P. vera. 相似文献
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吹绵蚧是枫香的一种主要害虫,通过几种防治蚧壳虫的药剂筛选,表明毒死埤、速扑杀、快克是目前防治吹绵蚧最理想的药剂。 相似文献
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Parasitic plants infest numerous plants throughout the world depleting them of nutrients, minerals and water. Orobanche species are chlorophyll-lacking root holoparasites that cause severe damage to broad-leaved crops. Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata parasitize field, vegetable, fodder, flower and herb crops in the Mediterranean region. Curled parsley (Petroselinum crispum), a major crop in the dry herb industry in Israel, is highly susceptible to O. aegyptiaca and O. crenata and in infested fields suffers severe yield and quality damage. An in vitro study in polyethylene bags, greenhouse experiments in soil-filled pots and trials in a naturally Orobanche-infested field were performed in order to screen and test for differential susceptibility of parsley varieties to O. aegyptiaca and O. crenata. Results revealed that the parsley varieties Garland and Garbo were tolerant to Orobanche compared to the susceptible varieties Darki, Extra Triple and Kaderava. 相似文献
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气候变化背景下埃及吹绵蚧在中国的适生区预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于埃及吹绵蚧分布点的经纬度数据,利用最大熵模型MaxEnt软件对埃及吹绵蚧在中国当前和未来(2050年和2070年)的适生区进行了预测,为林业和海关检疫部门对埃及吹绵蚧当前与未来的防控与检疫工作提供重要参考依据。在本研究中,梳理并筛选了埃及吹绵蚧在国内外的分布点,通过优化MaxEnt生态位模型,预测了在当前气候和未来气候下埃及吹绵蚧在中国的潜在分布,通过统计软件计算了各种气候条件下的适生区面积,并对影响埃及吹绵蚧分布的环境因子进行了筛选和统计。预测结果显示,基于当前气候,埃及吹绵蚧在我国的潜在分布区包括华南全部地区、华中和西南部分地区,主要集中在我国经度98°E~123°E、纬度20°N~30°N的地区。未来气候条件下的适生区范围呈现增大的趋势;刀切法(Jackknife)显示,对埃及吹绵蚧分布影响较大的环境要素主要为降水量,同时模型计算了埃及吹绵蚧定殖所需的四项环境要素的适宜范围。结合实际踏查数据和文献资料,MaxEnt模型预测结果可信度高,精确预测了影响埃及吹绵蚧分布的环境因子及其适生区范围,对埃及吹绵蚧的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本研究以新疆地区危害最严重的向日葵列当和瓜列当为研究对象,通过室内水培试验和室外盆栽模拟轮作试验来探究焉耆垦区轮作模式对两种列当的防除效果。结果表明,室内水培试验中各轮作作物的根系分泌物及萃取相刺激瓜列当种子的萌发率均在20.0%以下,但刺激向日葵列当种子产生的萌发率达到了50.0%以上;室外盆栽模拟轮作试验中,甜菜、小麦、辣椒与加工番茄轮作后,瓜列当的寄生数量未显著降低;但与向日葵轮作后,向日葵列当的寄生数量显著减少了60.0%以上。不同品种甜菜、辣椒和小麦地上部甲醇提取液刺激瓜列当种子的萌发率均低于10.0%,但是刺激向日葵列当种子的萌发率均达70.0%以上。本研究表明新疆焉耆垦区轮作种植模式不能有效防除瓜列当,但模式中的轮作作物均能够有效防除向日葵列当。本研究结果为防除新疆焉耆垦区向日葵列当和瓜列当提供理论依据。 相似文献
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安新城 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,37(4):407-410
运用普通生态学方法对埃及吹绵蚧的主要捕食性天敌小红瓢虫的捕食功能进行研究.结果显示,小红瓢虫对埃及吹绵蚧的密度反应为Holling Ⅱ型,圆盘方程拟合后的瞬时攻击率为0.577,处理时间为0.019;通过Hassell模型拟合,小红瓢虫自身密度增加导致的干扰效应为0.434;根据汪世泽提出的功能反应新模型,拟合后估计的... 相似文献
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Diseased Egyptian broomrape ( Orobanche aegyptiaca ) inflorescences were collected from a heavily broomrape-infested tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) field in Israel. The microorganisms that were isolated from the diseased inflorescences were passed through Koch's postulates on Egyptian broomrape-parasitizing tomato roots in a polyethylene bag system and pots under greenhouse conditions. The fungi, Alternaria alternata , Macrophomina phaseolina , Rhizoctonia solani , and Fusarium solani , and the bacterium, Bacillus sp., were newly isolated from the diseased inflorescences of Egyptian broomrape and were found to be pathogenic to the parasite. Fusarium solani damaged all of the developmental stages of broomrape and prevented the damage that Egyptian broomrape causes to tomato plants. The level of pathogenicity and the damage of M. phaseolina , A. alternata , and Bacillus sp. to Egyptian broomrape in greenhouse experiments were relatively low. All the tested microorganisms are known as pathogens of tomato, yet none caused disease symptoms on the tomato plants grown in the inoculated polyethylene bags or in the pots. Fusarium solani demonstrated the highest potential for further development as a mycoherbicide for Egyptian broomrape control in tomato. 相似文献