复合酶高活性酵母对岭南黄肉鸡生产性能的影响

300只岭南黄肉鸡随机分为2组(每组设3个重复,每个重复50只),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中用3%活性酵母替代3%豆粕。饲养试验结果表明:0～49日龄,平均末重、平均日增重、成活率试验组分别比对照组提高8.74%(P<0.05)、8.91%(P<0.05)和5.00%(P<0.05),试验组料蛋比比对照组下降11.25%(P<0.05)。代谢试验表明:能量表观利用率和粗蛋白质表观利用率试验组比对照组分别提高4.05%(P<0.05)和6.84%(P<0.05)。     

利木赞牛改良互助本地黄牛的效果

为了研究利木赞牛对互助黄牛的改良效果,本试验测定了初生、6月龄和1岁利本F1代的体尺、体重,并与本地黄牛进行了比较。结果表明,利本F1代牛的各项被检指标均比本地黄牛有明显的提高(P<0.01)。     

Genetic analyses of resistance of the wheat differential cultivars Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific to two races of Puccinia striiformis

Genetic analysis of resistance of wheat seedlings to two races of Puccinia striiformis was conducted on F₁, F₂ and F₃ generations from crosses Carstens V (CV) × Lee, Spaldings Prolific (SPA) × Lee and CV × SPA. F₂ generations from crosses of CV and SPA with Strubes Dickkopf (SD) were also studied. The plants were classified into six resistance classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis and nonhierarchical classification. The two P. striiformis isolates tested were a French isolate of race 43E138 and a Lebanese isolate of race 2E16, selected for the differences in their virulence spectra for the common differential cultivars Strubes Dickkopf and Nord Desprez. Resistance of CV and SPA was recessive and dominant to races 43E138 and 2E16, respectively. CV possessed three or four resistance genes, one of them being expressed with both races. Two genes of CV had a cumulative effect for resistance to 43E138 and two or three gave dominant resistance to 2E16. SPA had three resistance genes, all of which gave resistance to 2E16 and two of which also gave resistance to 43E138. SPA had one gene in common with CV for resistance to both races. Furthermore, the gene for resistance to race 2E16 in CV and SPA was allelic with a gene in SD, and was probably Yr25 .     

云南省稻瘟病,小麦锈病预测专家系统

基于稻瘟病、小麦锈病预测领域专家知识,以及借助模式识别势函数法实现的自学习、自提取的知识,采用正向和反向精确推理控制策略,首次建立云南省水稻穗瘟病、小麦条锈病预测专家系统,1994～1995年预测结果与实际情况基本一致。系统创造性地采用全屏幕编辑树图的知识输入法和森林表示技术对知识库进行管理,便于知识库的扩充和维护。推理结果、推理路径及知识查询以彩色图形方式显示,对于学习领域专家的实践经验具有独特优点。     

Molecular Identification of a New Member of the Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma Group (16SrVI) Associated with Centaurea Solstitialis Virescence in Italy

In the United States, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an annual invasive weed with Mediterranean origins. Malformed plants displaying witches' broom, fasciations, abortion of buds and flower virescence symptoms were observed in central Italy. Attempts to transmit the causal agent from the natural yellow starthistle host to periwinkle by grafting, resulted in typical symptoms of a phytoplasma, i.e. yellowing and shortening of internodes. The detection of phytoplasmas was obtained from both symptomatic yellow starthistle and periwinkle by the specific amplification of their 16S-23S rRNA genes. PCR amplification of extracted DNA from symptomatic plant samples gave a product of expected size. Asymptomatic plants did not give positive results. An amplicon obtained by direct PCR with universal primers P1/P7 was cloned and sequenced. The homology search using CLUSTALW program showed more than 99% similarity with Illinois elm yellows (ILEY) phytoplasma from Illinois (United States) and 97% with Brinjal little leaf (BLL) phytoplasma from India. Digestion of the nested-PCR products with restriction enzymes led to restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns referable to those described for phytoplasmas belonging to the clover proliferation (16S-VI) group. Since this is a previously undescribed disease, the name Centaurea solstitialis virescence has been tentatively assigned to it. This is a new phytoplasma with closest relationships to ILEY and BLL, but distinguishable from them on the basis of 16S rDNA homology, the different associated plant hosts and their geographical origin.     

Wind-mediated spread of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in irrigated rice crops

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), a virus known to be transmitted by beetles, can spread between rice plants by direct leaf contact caused by wind. Almost all healthy plants surrounding an infected plant became infected when exposed to a fan blowing for 15 min at a distance of 50 cm. Spread of RYMV by plant contact, mediated by wind, was also demonstrated in field experiments, the extent of spread depending on plant density. Infection was almost 10 times higher in plots with a density of 33 plants m⁻² than in plots with 16 plants m⁻². Less spread was observed in plots protected by 1·5 m high windscreens. It is suggested that wind-mediated spread of RYMV may result from abrasive contact between leaves of plants.     

浙江南部近海小黄鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成及食源指示分析

小黄鱼（Larimichthys polyactis）是我国近海重要的经济和优势鱼种,在食物网结构中起承上启下的关键作用。利用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定了浙江南部近海小黄鱼的肌肉脂肪酸含量并分析其组成变化特点,基于特征脂肪酸的食源指示功能开展小黄鱼的食性分析。结果表明：小黄鱼肌肉中共检测出30种脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸包括C16∶0、C17∶0、C18∶1n9c、C18∶3n3、C16∶1n7、C20∶1、C20∶4n6、C20∶5n3（EPA）和C22∶6n3（DHA）等,其中C16∶0含量最高（23.12%）,其次为C18∶1n9c（16.67%）、C16∶1n7（11.45%）和C22∶6n3（11.40%）;肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）平均含量达到60.20%,显著高于饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的含量（39.80%）,DHA和EPA在机体中含量占比达15.54%,体现出小黄鱼肌肉具有较高营养价值;双因素方差分析显示饱和脂肪酸含量在体长组间存在显著差异,含量随着体长的增大而减小,而单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）含量存在显著的季节性差异;绝大多数特征脂肪酸在各季节的体长组间无显著差异,而120~139 mm体长组和>180 mm体长组的C16∶1n7、C20∶1和C18∶1n9c在冬季的含量显著小于其他季节;基于脂肪酸食源指示功能,小黄鱼属于浮游、底栖与游泳动物混合食性的鱼类,初始碳源包括浮游硅藻类、甲藻类和底栖生物等。本研究利用了特征脂肪酸稳定指示食物来源的特点,进一步补充和验证文献资料中小黄鱼的胃含物分析结果,为小黄鱼的摄食生态学研究提供重要参考。     

岭南黄鸡肌生长抑制素基因成熟肽的克隆及酵母表达质粒的构建

根据Genebank上登录的鸡的myostatin基因cDNA全长序列以及成熟肽序列设计一对引物,并分别在两引物前设计两个酶切位点EcoRⅠ和KpnⅠ,克隆岭南黄鸡肌肉生长抑制激素的成熟肽蛋白编码基因,然后将特异性片段连接到pMD18-T载体,经酶切、PCR鉴定后,构建了岭南黄鸡真核单纯表达载体pPICZαA-MSTN-m,经测序鉴定,结果表明所克隆的myosta-tin成熟肽基因与Genebank上发表的鸡（AF019621）、猪（AY208121）和家鹅（AF440862）的MSTN-m核酸序列同源性分别可达到99%、92%、86%,但翻译后的成熟蛋白氨基酸序列与鸡、猪和家鹅的同源性可以分别达到100%、99.1%及99.1%。     

侵染广西番茄的番茄黄化曲叶病毒的分子鉴定

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病是番茄生产上的毁灭性病害,严重影响番茄产量及品质。2019年从广西百色市采集疑似番茄黄化曲叶病叶片样品,采用滚环扩增(RCA)及基因克隆等方法,获得了4个烟粉虱传双生病毒的全基因序列,4个分离物的全长序列分别为2 776、2 781、2 752、2 781 bp,均编码6个开放阅读框;核苷酸相似性比较发现,4个分离物彼此间的相似性均在90%以上,与已报道的番茄黄化曲叶病毒Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)各分离物间的相似性也在91%以上;系统进化分析表明,TYLCV广西分离物BS-2和BS-4与TYLCV-Hunan、BS-1和BS-3与TYLCV-YN6553等分离物处于独立的小分支,说明TYLCV广西分离物与TYLCV-Hunan、TYLCV-YN6553具有较近的亲缘关系。本研究首次报道TYLCV在广西发生。