关于提高大豆种植生产效益的栽培技术要点

大豆作为一种农作物，种植过程中容易受到土壤、水分、气候、湿度、温度、病虫害等多方面因 素的影响，这些因素都是人为很难改变的。大豆栽培技术主要是通过对这些影响因素的改变来降低 这些问题的影响，以此来提高大豆的产量和种植户的经济效益。     

生态放养鸡饲养管理技术

我国农业经济快速发展,养殖工作的重要性变得更为突出,其中以生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作最为重要。但是在生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作开展过程中,却发现存在一定的问题,这些问题来自于人为及自然等2个方面,导致生态放养鸡的饲养管理技术没有从根本上得到最大程度的提升。养殖者应对生态放养鸡饲养管理工作的开展予以全面化重视,只有确保相关的技术要点得到实现,才能提升生态鸡的养殖水平。     

奶牛人工授精的优缺点和技术要点

奶牛人工授精技术加速了奶牛品种改良进程,实现了将优秀种公牛精液跨区域、超时限的利用共享,极大地促进了养牛业的发展。以奶牛人工授精应用现状为出发点,介绍了人工授精技术的优点和不足,最后结合自身工作经验,从发情鉴定、适时配种、精液解冻、精液检测、输精、精液保存和妊娠检测等技术要点进行概述,以期更好地促进奶牛人工授精技术的应用。     

基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法

基于玉米根茎图像信息，提出一种基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法。首先，利用最大类间方差法自动分割2G-R-B灰度图像，得到二值化图像，结合形态学处理、位置/面积去噪方法提高二值化图像质量，对去噪图像按列累加得到列像素累加曲线；针对传统方法得到的特征点中伪特征点较多的问题，引入高斯滤波器平滑累加曲线，并运用极值法减少玉米根茎伪特征点的干扰，在提取玉米茎秆边缘直线时，提出基于最远茎秆成像宽度的双侧边缘判别思路，通过扫描每条边缘直线的四边形封闭邻域有效剔除伪边缘直线；最后，根据边缘直线二次定位玉米的根茎区域范围，并剔除伪特征点，采用最小二乘线性拟合方法准确提取导航线。试验表明，本文算法处理一幅1280像素×720像素图像耗时约236ms，特征点拟合准确率为92%。与传统方法相比，本文算法精度高、实时性好，在缺苗、杂草较多和株距不标准的情况下仍具有较强的鲁棒性。     

山药整地机械化作业技术规范

从作业条件、作业准备、作业方法等方面，介绍山药整地机械化作业技术的要点，论述其整地质量要求及相关参数计算方法，为山药种植产业的规范化及扩大化提供参考。     

苜蓿青贮销售的“痛点”与突破

苜蓿蛋白质含量高,消化率高,营养价值好。随着畜牧业的发展和农业结构的调整,我国苜蓿种植面积逐年扩大。由于收获期雨热同季导致割晒苜蓿自然晒干较为困难,所以制作成青贮成为近几年苜蓿高效利用的重要方法之一。苜蓿青贮具有适口性好、易于保存、加工损耗低等优点,国内苜蓿种植户纷纷加入制作苜蓿青贮的队伍,但并未推动该产业快速、良性发展。本文探讨苜蓿青贮销售的痛点和难点,并提出建议,以期为同行提供参考。     

Development and testing of a Bayesian population model for the bigeye thresher shark,Alopias superciliosus,in an area subset of the western North Pacific

A Bayesian population modelling tool integrating separable virtual population analysis, per‐recruit models and age‐structured demographic analysis was developed for the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus (Lowe) population in an area subset of the western North Pacific. The mortality rates for years 1989–2016 were estimated, various biological reference points and associated risks of decline were also estimated, and alternative harvest strategies for the stock were evaluated. Estimates of the posterior mean of fishing mortality for bigeye thresher shark suggest fishing pressure has been high in recent years (2011–2016). The estimated population growth rate (λ) (without fishing) obtained from age‐structured demographic model was relatively low (λ = 1.01 per year; 95% confidence intervals of 1.00 and 1.03 per year). Risk analyses revealed that only low levels of fishing pressure (10% of the current fishing pressure) over a wide range of ages could maintain a relatively low risk of population decline for bigeye threshers. Sensitivity testing indicated that the model is robust to prior specification. The developed framework could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the risk of decline for other widely distributed pelagic shark species where insufficient catch and effort data are available.     

Length‐based assessment of larval lamprey population structure at differing spatial scales

1. Perspectives on lamprey management contrast between pest control in the US Great Lakes and species conservation in the Pacific Northwest, New Zealand, and Europe. Five lamprey species are listed in the European Union (EU) Habitats Directive (HD) as requiring conservation measures. Assessments of HD ‘conservation status’ for these lampreys mainly target the larval (ammocoete) stage.
2. Larval lamprey populations can be assessed by evaluating presence or absence, density and demographic structure in riverine samples. Demographic structure has typically been described from length–frequency data using qualitative approaches and the statistical assignment of age classes. Length‐based indicators (LBIs) may provide a more rapid and flexible framework.
3. The demographic structure of a fish population can be described by univariate length metrics: length range (L_RANGE) and 90^th percentile of length (L₉₀). This study used a pooled data set from seven Irish catchments to estimate a reference point (RP) value for each metric corresponding to a healthy larval lamprey population. Two LBIs were then derived that can be estimated for an observed (OBS) population as LBI_RANGE = L_{RANGE_OBS}/L_{RANGE_RP} and LBI₉₀ = L_{90_OBS}/L_{90_RP}.
4. Simulated lamprey population length structures, representing a range of status values, were used to develop a reference gradient (RG) to support population assessment using LBIs. The assessment framework was applied to each of the seven Irish catchments, and also to subcatchment and sampling‐site scales within the Barrow system. The LBIs and RG suggested that most catchments had favourable conservation status overall, whereas smaller assessment scales revealed a spread of status values.
5. The proposed framework allows the rapid assessment of demographic structure and comparison across systems. There is potential to track states across sampling sites, events, and legislative reporting cycles, and to interpret change in relation to the local environment. The general approach may be adaptable for other fish species monitored during juvenile stages.

     

接入管理技术在城市道路平面交叉口中的应用

城市道路平面交叉口是城市路网中重要的节点,也是事故频发和造成交通延误的瓶颈点。概述了接入管理技术的概念和设计原则,介绍了在城市道路平面交叉口中典型的接入管理技术。对改善城市道路平面交叉口交通安全及促使城市可持续发展具有重要的参考价值。     

针灸对脾虚犬体重及部分血清指标的影响

通过注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型,观察犬临床体征、体重及部分血清指标变化情况,并研究针灸对脾虚犬体重及血清指标的影响。结果显示,实验犬出现脾虚证后,其体重显著低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）,血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性与丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著增高（P〈0.05）;血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P〈0.05）。经针灸治疗后,实验组犬各项指标均得到明显改善,与阳性对照组比较呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）。试验结果表明,皮下注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型后,选用一定穴位进行针灸,对治疗犬脾虚证有明显疗效。