Decolorization of kraft pulp bleaching effluent by a newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

Kraft pulp bleaching effluent supplemented with glucose was decolorized by a newly isolated fungusGeotrichum candidum Dec 1 (Dec 1) that showed a wide decolorizing spectrum to synthetic dyes. When the glucose concentration in the effluent was 30 g/l, the color removal and the reduction of absorbable organic halogens were 78% and 43% after 7 days culture, respectively. The average molecular weight of colored substances measured by gel filtration chromatography was lowered to less than 3000 from 5600 after 7 days culture. As the contribution of extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase (DyP), manganese peroxidase, and laccase to the decolorization of the kraft pulp bleaching effluent was small, Dec 1 appears to have a different mechanism of decolorizing kraft pulp bleaching effluent when compared with enzymes used to decolorize synthetic dyes.     

铁皮石斛高效设施栽培技术研究

[目的]实现铁皮石斛的高效设施栽培。[方法]以铁皮石斛无菌试管苗为试材,当苗高5cm左右时,分别移栽到3种不同的栽培基质中,筛选出铁皮石斛的最适生长基质;以其最适生长基质为栽培基质,设置清水(CK)和营养液浇灌2个处理,研究营养液浇灌对铁皮石斛生长的影响。[结果]所设置的3种栽培基质都适合铁皮石斛生长,其中,以石灰岩碎石滤水层5 cm+锯末(杂木粗糙的锯末)8cm+活苔藓2 cm为基质时,铁皮石斛长势最好、产量最高;适当浓度的营养液浇灌可较大幅度地提高铁皮石斛的产量。[结论]该研究为铁皮石斛的高效设施栽培提供了参考。     

铁皮石斛组培苗生长差异与移栽成活率相关性研究

为了确定不同添加物处理对铁皮石斛组培苗生长和移栽后成活的影响,在培养基中分别添加食用甘薯粉、工业甘薯粉、食用马铃薯粉、工业马铃薯粉、木薯粉、香蕉粉以及香蕉泥进行培养,2个月后对组培苗进行移栽驯化,并统计地上部及地下部指标,4 个月后统计移栽成活率。结果表明,添加食用甘薯粉处理的组培苗鲜重和分蘖数最多;而添加香蕉泥处理有利于组培苗株高、节间数、叶片数及2~5 cm之间根数的增加;添加工业甘薯粉处理的组培苗茎粗最粗。各处理对移栽成活率的影响因素由高到低依次为：香蕉泥＞工业甘薯粉木薯粉＞工业马铃薯粉＞食用甘薯粉＞香蕉粉跃食用马铃薯粉。通过对不同添加物处理下组培苗性状与移栽成活率的灰度关联分析,得出影响石斛组培苗成活率的首要因子为节间数,其次为叶片数和株高袁而2~5 cm根条数,大于5cm根条数、鲜重、平均节间长、总根数、分蘖数、茎粗尧小于2cm根条数等指标与移栽成活率关联度较低。因此,在铁皮石斛组培过程中,除了注意诱导生根外,还要注意添加物的种类,尤其以能促进其节间数、株高、叶片数增加的添加物最为重要。     

Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of the aetiological agent of sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil

In Brazil, sour rot is an important postharvest disease on fruits and vegetables. Geotrichum candidum (synonym Galactomyces candidus) has been reported as the main species causing this disease. However, the identity of the causal agent is still uncertain. This research aimed to determine the identity of 165 fungal isolates associated with sour rot obtained from fruits and vegetables in Brazil, and to evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the incidence of sour rot on artificially inoculated tomato fruits. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and morphological analyses, 129 samples belonged to Galactomyces candidus, 15 to G. candidum var. citri-aurantii, 6 to G. phurueaense, 2 to Gal. pseudocandidus, 1 to Hyphopichia burtonii, 1 to H. khmerensis, 3 to Saccharomycopsis crataegensis, 1 to S. vini, 1 to Magnusiomyces tetrasperma, 1 to Trichosporon coremiiforme, and 1 to Zygoascus meyerae. Two new species were found, namely, Geotrichum solani (on potato) and Geotrichum spondiadis (on red mombin). All isolates were pathogenic when inoculated on healthy tomato fruits, including the new species of Geotrichum, which were also inoculated into their respective hosts, that is, potatoes and red mombins. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of five other genera besides Geotrichum associated with sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil, which demonstrates the diversity of fungi and yeasts associated with this disease.     

广南铁皮石斛化学成分提取方法研究

采用水浴回流、索氏、超声3种不同方式及甲醇、乙醇、氯仿等不同溶剂对广南铁皮石斛化学成分进行提取,应用薄层色谱确定提取效果。结果表明,铁皮石斛是以氯仿为溶剂、超声2 h提取效果最好,并确定环己烷-丙酮(6∶4)系统为分离1索氏甲醇提取、2索氏乙醇提取、3索氏氯仿提取、4水浴回流甲醇提取4 h、5水浴回流乙醇提取4 h、6水浴回流氯仿提取4 h、7超声甲醇提取2 h、8超声乙醇提取2 h、9超声氯仿提取2 h这些样品液的化学成分的最佳展开剂。     

铁皮石斛热风干燥试验分析

[目的]探索不同于传统方法的新的石斛干燥方法。[方法]通过对铁皮石斛进行热风干燥试验,分析在温度、风速和铺排密度等因素变化的情况下,铁皮石斛外观品质和质量的变化情况,探讨各种因素水平对石斛干燥效果的影响。[结果]试验表明,各因素对铁皮石斛干燥效果的影响大小排序为:干燥温度→风速→铺料密度→加热时间→间歇时间,其中干燥温度为60℃,风速为0.5 m/s,铺排密度为8 kg/m2,间歇时间和加热时间分别为10 min和30 min的条件下,干燥得到的铁皮石斛外观品质最佳。[结论]研究对铁皮石斛干燥工艺的改进和优化具有参考意义,可用于指导生产石斛干品。     

21种植物提取物对3种柑桔病原真菌抑菌活性的初步研究

采用菌丝生长速率法测定油茶籽等21种植物甲醇提取物对柑桔青霉病菌、柑桔绿霉病菌和柑桔酸腐病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,对柑桔酸腐病菌抑菌活性较高的是油茶籽、甘草、桃花心木和水茄提取物,以含干粉10 mg·mL-1处理后5 d抑菌率分别为96.96%、76.44%、82.73%和69.60%.对柑桔青霉病菌抑菌率达70%以上的有油茶籽、海芋、山菅兰、水茄、上海叶冬青等的提取物,对柑桔绿霉病菌抑菌率达60%以上的有油茶籽、桃花心木、侧柏、海芋、山菅兰、水茄、深山含笑等的提取物.综合而言,油茶籽甲醇浸提物对柑桔青霉病菌、柑桔绿霉病菌和柑桔酸腐病菌的抑菌活性高于其他植物的甲醇浸提物.     

不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下，以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗，60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计，并与对照（没加有机物提取液）进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳，生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳，要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。     

栽植方式和营养液对铁皮石斛试管苗移栽成活和生长的影响

[目的]研究栽植方式和营养液对铁皮石斛试管苗移栽成活和生长的影响。[方法]对铁皮石斛移栽的成活率及生长情况进行统计分析,并对其栽植方式和施浇营养液进行了筛选试验。[结果]铁皮石斛穴植时,其移栽成活率和生长量均与散植存在极显著差异(P0.01),而有无椰丝缠绕则对其生长没有明显差异;EC在0.6左右时,兰花专用肥及MS营养液均能在一定程度上提高铁皮石斛移栽成活率和生长量,以京绿怡园的效果最佳。[结论]该方法考察了栽植方式和营养液对铁皮石斛试管苗移栽成活和生长的影响,为石斛产业的发展提供了相关经验与技术支持。     

铁皮石斛的挂篮仿生栽培模式

文章比较分析不同苗龄和光照强度条件下铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum)挂篮培育的生长变化,以筛选铁皮石斛挂篮培育的最佳条件.结果表明,利用铁皮石斛0.5 a生驯化苗在疏林下(郁闭度50%~85%)进行挂篮培育,成活率为100%,生长状况最好,基部芽健壮,平均数量为7.3个,并且没有高位芽长出.研究建立了铁皮石斛人工仿生栽培模式.