Long‐term survival of Acidovorax citrulli in citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) seeds

Long‐term survival of Acidovorax citrulli in citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) seeds was investigated. Citron melon seed lots infected with A. citrulli were generated in the field by inoculating either the pistils (stigma) or pericarps (ovary wall) of the female blossoms. Seventeen A. citrulli isolates from 14 different haplotypes belonging to two different groups (group I and II) were used for inoculation. After confirming that 100% of seed lots were infected, they were stored at 4°C and 50% RH for 7 years. After storage, the viability of A. citrulli cells from individual lots was determined by plating macerated seeds on semiselective medium as well as growing seeds for 14 days and scoring for bacterial fruit blotch symptoms. The type of A. citrulli isolate (group I or group II) used did not significantly influence bacterial survival. However, A. citrulli survival was significantly greater in seed lots generated via pistil inoculation (52·9 and 29·4%) than via pericarp inoculation (23·5 and 17·6%). Repetitive extragenic palindrome (rep)‐PCR on A. citrulli isolated from citron melon seed lots after storage displayed similar fingerprinting patterns to those of the reference strains originally used for blossom inoculation, indicating that cross‐contamination did not occur. The results indicate that A. citrulli may survive/overwinter in citron melon seeds for at least 7 years and bacterial survival in seed was influenced more by method of blossom inoculation than by the type of bacterial isolate.     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

低温胁迫下佛手和枳乙烯应答因子6（ERF6）表达变化的比较分析

 以柑橘属寒敏感植物佛手‘青皮’品种叶片cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个1 160 bp的乙烯应答因子（ethylene response factor,ERF）基因的cDNA序列,其基因编码区共999 bp,含有一个保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,与拟南芥AtERF6为同源基因,命名为CmsERF6（GenBank登录号为HQ698835）。4 ℃低温处理佛手和枳（柑橘属近缘种耐寒植物）植株,测定其寒胁迫生理指标（电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量）。使用实时荧光定量PCR,对佛手和枳叶中的ERF6表达含量进行测定分析,结果表明：低温对佛手与枳的ERF6表达均具有诱导作用,且表达量的变化趋势存在明显的差异。尤其在枳中,ERF6的表达较对照组上升约4 000倍,且电解质外渗率的变化与ERF6基因表达量变化具有一致性,说明ERF6基因参与低温胁迫应答。     

3个金华佛手类型主要生物学特性的比较研究

佛手(CitrusmedicaL.var sarcodactylis(Noot.)Swingle)是芸香科(Rutaceae)的常绿小乔木或灌木,为香橼(CitrusmedicaL.)的变种,起源于印度,喜光喜温暖,不耐寒,单性结实。金华市已有近500年种植佛手的历史,主要分布在金华北山南缘,其独特的自然条件和长期的种植经验,使得金华佛手成为我国四大佛手品系的上品。金华佛手有三大优点:一是大小适中,二是芳香浓郁,三是含水分少,耐贮藏。其盆景与鲜果都具有很高的观赏价值;果、花、叶可入药,有理气和胃的功效,主治胸腹胀满、胃疼、气管炎等症。金华佛手在多年的种植过程中,随自然变异的发生和积…     

不同氮磷钾组合搭配对佛手茶产量效应的影响初报

以茶叶目标产量为基础，以氮磷钾肥料不同组合搭配进行L9（3^4）正交试验，结果氮磷钾肥取2：1：1水平为最优化配方组合，处理4（A281C2）、处理6（A283C1）较接近最优化配方组合，但经经济效益分析，只有处理6（A283C1）单产582．00kg／667m^2，纯收入2973．59元／667m^2为最佳组合。由此认为在粘质红壤施肥，应以氮肥为主，配合施用速效磷肥，即尿素32．60kg／667m^2、钙镁磷66.18kg／667m^2、氯化钾7．50kg／667m^2，纯N14．996kg／667m^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．75：013为最佳组合较合理。佛手茶是大叶品种，适量增施氮磷肥，有利于促进新梢的生长而提高产量.     

氟化物危害佛手的生理生化表现

采用人工HF熏气法，研究HF对金华佛手(Citrus medica var．sarcodactylis Swingle)叶中丙二醛(MDA)含量、电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及纤维素酶活性、乙烯释放速率的影响。结果表明，HF熏气使佛手叶中MDA含量、电导率持续上升，SOD活性先大幅度下降后稍有回升，POD、纤维素酶活性持续上升，乙烯释放速率先上升后下降。     

三种芽孢杆菌在佛手浆中的发酵特性及其在软糖中的应用初探

【目的】筛选适宜佛手浆发酵的芽孢杆菌并开发具有活菌型的益生菌发酵佛手软糖。【方法】将枯草芽孢杆菌(BS168)、地衣芽孢杆菌(BL02)和凝结芽孢杆菌(BC30)3种益生菌分别接种至杀菌后的佛手浆中,研究发酵过程中芽孢杆菌的生长曲线、营养成分和抗氧化能力的变化,分析指标之间的相关性,并探讨芽孢杆菌在软糖制备中的存活率。【结果】3种芽孢杆菌均能在佛手浆中生长,其中以BC30生长最好,发酵48 h活菌数可达8.35 log CFU/g;果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量和pH值在发酵过程中逐渐下降,以BC30组下降较多;3种芽孢杆菌发酵过程中,总酚含量均有所下降,其中BC30对总酚的保留最好,发酵48 h时总酚保留率为91%,且总黄酮含量(105.9 g/kg)最高;此外,BC30还能提高佛手浆的DPPH自由基清除能力,与未发酵佛手浆相比,发酵48 h时DPPH自由基清除能力提升7.5%。相关性分析结果显示,发酵佛手浆清除DPPH自由基能力与凝结芽孢杆菌数量呈极显著正相关,与总酚和总黄酮含量无显著相关性。制备的益生菌发酵佛手软糖中,BC30活菌数达7.5 log CFU/g。【结论】3种芽孢杆菌中,以BC30最适宜进行佛手浆发酵,发酵对抗氧化能力的提升有正向积极贡献,以其为原料开发的软糖活菌数较高。研究为富含活菌的发酵佛手软糖开发奠定了理论基础。     

冰糖橙×枸橼杂交后代的胚抢救及杂种鉴定

为获得冰糖橙×枸橼的合子苗,以抗柑橘溃疡病枸橼为父本,以高感病品种冰糖橙为母本进行杂交,利用胚抢救技术获得杂交后代,然后利用筛选出的SSR引物对亲本和子代的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,分析并鉴定杂交后代中的合子苗。结果表明:在最终获得的359株杂交后代中,利用SSR标记能鉴定出合子苗12株。     

RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN FINGERED CITRON LEAF USING NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

In order to provide references for leaf nutrition diagnosis of fingered citron, the technique of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was introduced to analyze nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in the dry-leaf samples of fingered citron. The best calibration model for N was developed with high RSQ_CAL (0.90), SD/SECV (2.73) and low SEC (1.06 mg g^?1), good calibration models were obtained for P, K, Fe and Mn, and no significant correlations were found between the spectra and the individual amounts of Zn and Cu. When tested using a validation set (n = 38), N was well predicted with low values of SEP (1.21 mg g^?1) and high RPD (2.5). The values of SEP and RPD were also acceptable for the external validation of P, Fe and Mn. Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technique shows potential of diagnosing minerals in fingered citron, particularly for N, P, Fe and Mn.     

观赏佛手新品种‘千指百态’

 ‘千指百态’系金华青皮佛手的矮化芽变体经系统培育而来，该品种树冠矮，株形紧凑；节间短，叶片小而厚，叶柄无刺或少剌；果实较小，平均单果质量48.0 g；坐果率高，产果数多，3年生植株平均每株坐果17.3个，观赏价值高，适合制作矮化盆景。