基于Bloom Filter的去重方法研究

在个性化新闻推荐系统中，文章去重是一个重要的模块，避免了同一篇文章被重复推荐的现象。在海量用户场景下，采用传统的基于队列的去重方法将会消耗大量的内存。Bloom Filter是一种空间效率很高的随机数据结构，适用于允许有一定误判率的场景。本文基于Bloom Filter，设计双Bloom Filter位数组结构和Bloom Filter位数组链结构。实验证明，基于Bloom Filter位数组链的去重方法，不仅大大降低了程序对服务器内存要求，而且具有较好的灵活性和扩展性。     

Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Crop Model for LAI Estimation Based on Ensemble Kalman Filter

Data assimilation in agricultural remote sensing research is of great significance to integrate with remote sensing observations and model simulations for parameters estimation.The present investigation not only designed and realized the Ensemble Kaiman Filtering algorithm (EnKF) assimilation by combing the crop growth model (CERES-Wheat) with remote sensing data,but also optimized and updated the key parameters (LAI) of winter wheat by using remote sensing data.Results showed that the assimilation LAI and the observation ones agreed with each other,and the R2 reached 0.8315.So assimilation remote sensing and crop model could provide reference data for the agricultural production.     

Farmlink: promoting conservation buffers farmer-to-farmer

Farmer-to-farmer outreach was used within a targeted watershed to promote the installation of conservation buffers. In this program called “FarmLink”, four farmers/landowners were employed part-time as “advisors” and trained by University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Natural Resources District personnel. Topics included basic buffer design and benefits, availability of incentive programs, and sales techniques. These individuals then contacted their neighbors to explain the need for and benefits of buffers and other conservation practices. In early 2003, 42 landowners were contacted, leading to contracts for the establishment of 16 separate conservation practices on 24.8 ha (61.3 acres) of farmland. These included just over 8 ha (20 acres) of grassed waterways or similar plantings and 14 ha (35 acres) of streamside buffers. In addition, because of information received in the training sessions, one of the advisors installed 1.7 ha (4.3 acres) of streamside buffers, 0.45 ha (1.1 acres) of grassed waterways, and 2.0 ha (5.0 acres) of grasses and forbs on his own land. During these contacts, it became apparent that: (1) many farmers and landowners were not familiar with the multitude of programs available to assist with the installation and maintenance of conservation practices; and (2) landowners generally appreciated the personal touch of someone coming out to talk directly to them, pointing out specific areas on their land where conservation practices could best be implemented, discussing available compensation programs, and describing management needed to help ensure practice success. Although one-to-one contacts cannot be used in all cases, it was demonstrated to be effective in this watershed.     

Leaf transmittance measurements can improve predictions of the nitrogen status for winter wheat crop

Dynamic crop models can be used to predict the occurrence of nitrogen deficiency during crop growth and optimize nitrogen fertilisation. However, prediction errors can be large and may lead to wrong recommendations. The objective of our work is to study the value of correcting the dynamic model Azodyn using transmittance measurements made with the N-Tester^® (Yara) to predict the nitrogen status of a winter wheat crop. Our approach is to use a Bayesian method called the “interacting particle filter” to fit the model's state variables to measurements obtained over the course of the season. This approach was assessed on 44 experimental plots. Predictions of crop biomass, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen nutrition index were first performed for each plot by using the model without any correction. A second series of predictions was then performed for the same variables by correcting the model with N-Tester measurements at GS 7 on Feekes’ scale. The results showed that the second series of predictions were more accurate. Depending on the prediction dates, model corrections reduced the root mean squared error by 18.1–53.2% for nitrogen nutrition index, by 9.1–10.1% for biomass, and by 17.1–45.0% for nitrogen uptake. The predictions were improved up to 52 days after the measurement but the degree of improvement was higher when the prediction date was close to the measurement date. The results also showed that, when corrected, model predictions were very sensitive to values of N-Tester measurements. It is therefore necessary to use N-Tester measurements which are as precise as possible.     

商陆不同极性、根和茎提取物的抑菌性能分析

为探究商陆不同极性、部位提取物的抑菌性能,本实验分别从商陆根和茎中提取石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相4种不同极性的提取物,再采用滤纸片法测量提取物对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphyloccocus aureus）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）和副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyt-icus）4种细菌的抑制性能。结果表明,部分商陆的提取物有一定的抑菌活性,如根正丁醇相对巨大芽孢杆菌和副溶血弧菌,茎水相对副溶血弧菌的抑菌圈在10mm以上,但总体上商陆的提取物的抑菌性能远不及头孢氨苄好。实验还发现商陆抑菌活性最强的物质大都存在于根中,且抑菌活性最强的物质大都存在于水和正丁醇这种极性较高的溶剂的提取物中,不同提取物对不同细菌的抑菌活性情况不一致。因此本研究结果可以为商陆提取物抑菌性能的进一步探索提供参考。     

Observations on the conditioning of filter bed in hypersaline aquaria

The nitrifying activity of the filter bed of aquaria was monitored in hypersaline conditions. Salinity was raised in 5 ppt steps from normal sea water to 126 ppt in a course of 35 and 41 days. Twenty grey mullet fry (Chelon labrosus and Mugil cephalus) were used in two 53 l aquaria. Daily monitoring of total ammonia–nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate ions, and pH was performed. After an initial peak of TAN (0.65 mg/l), total ammonia stabilized at safe low levels (0–0.2 mg/l). Nitrite exhibited more peaks at levels of about 10 mg/l, lasted for 3–8 days but they also subsided to almost zero afterwards. Nitrate finally stabilized at levels around 100 mg/l. The water was alkaline, with pH fluctuating in the region of 8.2–8.8. These findings indicate that the filter bed may be effectively conditioned for hypersalinity and that fish may be safely maintained in the aquaria.     

滤嘴通风对卷烟烟气量的影响研究

[目的]研究不同滤嘴通风率对烟气成分的影响,为卷烟设计中使用滤嘴通风提供理论指导。[方法]采用直线回归的方法对滤嘴通风率与各常规烟气成分之间的关系,焦油与其他烟气成分之间的关系,以及CO/焦油值与滤嘴通风率的关系进行研究。[结果]以滤嘴通风率为自变量x,则常规烟气成分的降低率分别为：CO为0.89x,焦油为0.65x,烟碱为0.57x和烟气水分为0.16x;随着滤嘴通风率的增大,CO降低最多,焦油降低率居中,烟碱降低最少。以焦油为自变量x,则CO量为（1.44x-5.07）,烟碱量为（0.08x＋0.21）。当滤嘴通风率在16%～26%区间时,CO/焦油值更趋近于1。[结论]滤嘴通风技术可有效调节卷烟烟气成分。     

滤棒成型参数优化及分切前后的压降变化规律研究

[目的]优化KDF-2滤棒成型机加工工艺参数,提高滤棒成型质量的稳定性。[方法]以对滤棒加工质量有重要影响的工艺参数:辊速比、辊压力、喷嘴空气压力、增塑剂施加量为试验因子,采用4因素3水平正交试验,并对滤棒分切前后的压降变化进行了研究。[结果]滤棒成型的最佳工艺参数组合为:增塑剂施加量9%、喷嘴空气压力0.40 MPa、辊速比1∶1.28、辊压力0.20、0.20、0.050 MPa,对滤棒质量影响最大的指标为增塑剂施加量。将滤棒分切至目标长度后,切前压降比切后4支短支总和平均低44 Pa,并且切后4支滤嘴压降差异较大,极差平均为80 Pa。[结论]研究可为优化滤棒成型工艺参数、提高滤棒质量提供参考。     

高产纤维素酶菌株的筛选

该研究从农田土壤中分离得到67株细菌,并从中选出一株高产纤维素酶菌株。将这些菌株接种到纤维素培养基上,在p H 5.5和28℃的条件下,利用刚果红染色溶液进行染色后,测其水解透明圈与菌落的比值的大小,进行初步筛选。将这些初筛的菌株接种到培养基中进行摇床培养后,制得粗酶液,并分析羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活力测定和滤纸酶(FP)活力及β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)。在不同温度的条件下,对纤维素酶活力测定,最终筛选出曲霉A25(Aspergillus sp.)这一株菌株,最适酶活温度为50℃。产纤维素酶酶活力分别为:CMC酶活达2 340.92 U/m L;FP酶活达2.66U/m L;BG酶活达164.72U/m L。     

The Extended Kalman Filter Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transformation

It is difficult to establish precise mathematical model in extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm for GPS/ DR integrated vehicle navigation system, an improved extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm is put forward based on Discrete stationary wavelet transformation. The simulation results show that the algorithm is better than the extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm, and is available for GPS/DR integrated vehicle navigation system.