Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

不同水温浸种对毛蕊铁线莲种子发芽指标的影响

[目的]探讨不同水温浸种对毛蕊铁线莲种子发芽指标的影响,为毛蕊铁线莲种子繁殖提供理论和实践依据。[方法]利用恒温培养箱,经10和15℃（室温条件下的自来水温度,以此作为对照,CK）,20、25、35和45℃的恒温水浸种48 h后,测定毛蕊铁线莲种子发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势及活力指数5个指标。[结果]毛蕊铁线莲种子水温浸种的适宜温度为20℃,其发芽率为80.7%,发芽指数为6.184,发芽势为54.0%,活力指数为9.442。[结论]20℃水温浸种后毛蕊铁线莲种子的各项发芽指标最高。     

玉米杂交种新陈种子活力的研究

对我省近年推广的豫玉28、豫玉18、掖单19，3个玉米杂交种新陈种子的活力进行研究。结果表明，新种子的发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、幼苗干重，活力指数均优于陈种子，其中苗高、活力指数三个杂交种的新种子与陈种子的差别均达显著水平；新种子的电解质外渗百分率小于陈种子的电解质外渗百分率。在生产上应尽可能利用新种子或高活力种子。     

小豆种子活力的初步研究

早熟、丰产、抗逆性强的小豆新品种的选育以及大田生产中选用优质小豆种子均需要了解种子的活力水平。本研究选用3个小豆品种的新、陈种子,应用电导率法和发芽法进行种子活力测定,结果表明:小豆种子试样间在电导率、发芽势、发芽率、幼苗生长量和活力指数等方面均存在差异。不同品种间种子活力水平表现为红小豆LSH1>绿小豆>红小豆8937;同一品种的活力水平表现为新种子>陈种子;电导率值与种子活力指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.8667)。本研究认为,电导率法是测定小豆种子活力的一种简便、快速、有效的方法。     

Effects of sludge on germination and initial growth performance of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings in the nursery

A study was carried out to determine the influence of different types of sludges （municipal, industrial and residential） on field germination, growth and nodulation of L. leucocephala seedlings in the nursery. Before sowing of seeds, different combinations of sludges were incorporated with the nutrient deficient natural forest soils. Field germination, nodulation status and physical growth parameters of seedlings （shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total dry biomass increment） were recorded after three and six months of seed sowing. Field germination, nodulation status and growth parameters were varied significantly in the soil amended with sludges in comparison to control. The highest number of nodule was recorded from soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） and highest fresh and dry nodule weight was also found from the same combination in both three and six month old seedlings. In case of growth parameters, the highest growth was recorded from soil and residential sludge （ 1：1 ） combination compared to control. From the study, it can be recommended that soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） provide better field germination, growth and nodule formation of L. leucocephala in degraded soil.     

He-Ne激光辐射对糯玉米种子的生物学效应

种子活力是检验种子质量高低的一项最重要的指标。采用苏糯一号玉米种子为材料,研究了He-Ne激光不同剂量以及不同照射时间对糯玉米种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率、可溶性蛋白含量以及淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,采用13mA剂量的激光照射糯玉米种子50s能够明显的提高其种子活力,增加幼苗可溶性蛋白和淀粉的含量。     

坛紫菜杂交品系优势的初步评价

通过坛紫菜诱变选育品系和野生选育品系间杂交,筛选出了4个经济性状优良的杂交品系(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ);杂交品系的子代表现出较大的杂交优势,既具有亲本优势,又具有超亲优势;品系Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ的3～5cm幼苗经过10d培育,平均日增重量的超标优势分别达12.35%、139.78%、107.57%和173.52%;杂种优势指数达99.83%、213.07%、184.44%和243.05%;品系Ⅱ耐高温能力较强,在29℃水温中可正常生存10d以上;品系Ⅲ在4个杂交品系中生长最快,培育20d时藻体的平均长度是父本的1.29倍,总藻胆蛋白含量最高,达(103.83±0.49)mg/g干品;品系Ⅳ和Ⅴ藻体宽而薄,不易腐烂和老化,其中品系Ⅳ叶绿素含量高达(9.79±0.48)mg/g干品,比母本高46.21;从杂交品系的性状稳定性来看,品系Ⅱ的F2和F3叶状体长度生长相对稳定,品系Ⅲ的F3叶状体经过选育后,生长性能比F2叶状体更加突出。和F2叶状体相比,品系Ⅳ的F3各项指标表现出较大的稳定性。本研究为坛紫菜杂交育种的应用积累了有用资料。     

不同种类Ni~(2+)盐浸种对作物种子活力的影响

[目的]为镍肥的进一步开发利用提供基础理论依据。[方法]以春小麦和樱桃番茄为试材,选取均匀一致、饱满的50~100 g种子,分别置于不同浓度、不同种类的Ni2+盐溶液中浸种6~12 h,研究了3种Ni2+盐(氯化镍、硝酸镍、硫酸镍)浸种对作物种子活力的影响。[结果]适量浓度的Ni2+盐浸种可以促进两种作物种子萌发,促进根系和芽生长,幼苗干物质积累增加。春小麦浸种适宜浓度范围为0~2μmol/L,且因Ni2+盐种类而异;樱桃番茄浸种适宜浓度均为0.5μmol/L,其作用效应大小因Ni2+盐种类和作物品种而异。[结论]相同浓度条件下不同Ni2+盐所产生的生物效应差异可能与Ni2+盐中阴阳离子的加和作用有关。     

蚕茧干燥温度对茧丝品质影响的探讨

通过６种类型的蚕茧干燥温度对蛹体适干率、茧丝品质等的影响的综合调查，认为二冲突温干燥的蛹体适干率、茧丝品质优于恒温干燥，而以头冲温度适中（１１０℃），二冲变温（１００℃→９０℃）时的蛹体适干率和茧丝品质略优于其他类型。     

Quantitative evaluation of the degree of sprout leaf bending of rice cultivars using P-type Fourier descriptors and principal component analysis

For decades, seedling peaches have been used as the standard rootstock in California almond orchards. Vigorous, deep rooted trees are needed in almond orchards for maximum yields and to withstand the annual tree-shaking at harvest. Currently, researchers are actively evaluating rootstocks for almonds in field trials and in various screening protocols. In this study, seedling rootstocks, obtained from male-sterile advanced generation peach-almond (PEAL) hybrid mother trees, were compared with ‘Nemaguard’ peach seedlings for emergence in the nursery row, trunk caliper at propagation time, and end of season dormant above ground tree weight. Seedling emergence was affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by seed source, as was trunk caliper and end of season dormant above ground tree weight. Trunk caliper and dormant above ground tree weight were also affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by planting year. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the enhanced first year growth from seedlings of advanced generation PEAL hybrids, as compared to ‘Nemaguard’ seedlings. Seedling emergence in the rootstock bed was not affected significantly by planting year. Advanced generation PEAL hybrid seedlings were ready for June-budding at an earlier date compared to ‘Nemaguard’ seedlings, providing the potential for larger-sized finished nursery stock by the end of the growing season. Due to the male-sterile status of the advanced generation PEAL mother trees, bloom periods of several root-knot nematode resistant rootstock cultivars were examined for their degree of synchronicity with the mother trees. The examined rootstocks and mother trees varied in both chill hour and post-chill heat requirements necessary to effect bloom. ‘Flordaguard’ peach rootstock began bloom in advance of the male-sterile mother trees, whereas the bloom period of ‘Tsukuba No. 4’ occurred well after, suggesting they would not be effective synchronous pollenizers for consistent hybrid seed production. Based on more limited flowering period data, better bloom synchronicity was achieved with a Tsukuba No. 4 X Flordaguard hybrid.