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1.
本文以牛奶和葡萄为原料,通过单因素和正交试验优化了葡萄汁奶酒的发酵工艺。结果表明,影响葡萄汁奶酒感官评分因素的强弱顺序依次为发酵温度>接种量>发酵时间>蔗糖添加量>葡萄汁添加量,通过计算发现最佳组合为发酵温度25℃,发酵时间5d,接种量1.00%∶0.50%∶1.50%,蔗糖添加量8%,葡萄汁添加量11%。该组合酿制的葡萄汁奶酒感官评分最高,为92分。经测得,葡萄汁奶酒在最佳发酵工艺条件下的总糖为9.5g/L、酒精体积分数为6.8%,总酸质量浓度为7.2g/L,氨基酸态氮质量浓度为0.21g/L。该葡萄汁奶酒中的天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于奶酒和牛奶中的含量(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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不同季节高寒草甸牧草瘤胃发酵特性和体外消化率分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文旨在探讨不同生育时期高寒草甸牧草的牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及CH4产量。通过测定返青期、青草期和枯草期3个生育时期牧草的营养品质、瘤胃发酵参数和CH4产量。结果表明:青草期牧草总能(Gross energy,GE)、粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)和粗脂肪(Ether extract,EE)等均显著高于返青期和枯草期(P<0.05);青草期牧草在各发酵时间点的体外干物质消化率(Dry matter digestibility,DMD)、粗蛋白消化率(Crude protein digestibility,CPD)和有机物质消化率(Organic matter digestibility,OMD)均显著高于返青期和枯草期(P<0.05);青草期牧草12,24和48 h瘤胃NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和异戊酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期(P<0.05);不同发酵时间牧草总产气量和CH4产量变化规律为:返青期>青草期>枯草期。综上所述,青草期草地生物量最高,牧草营养品质和体外消化率最高,CH4排放最低,瘤胃发酵模式最优。建议选择青草期牧草放牧。 相似文献
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《动物营养(英文)》2019,5(2):185-190
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds (TCMC) on rumen fermentation, methane emission and populations of ruminal microbes using an in vitro gas production technique. Cablin patchouli herb (CPH), Atractylodes rhizome (AR), Amur Cork-tree (AC) and Cypsum were mixed with the weight ratios of 1:1:1:0.5 and 1:1:1:1 to make up TCMC1 and TCMC2, respectively. Both TCMC were added at level of 25 g/kg of substrate dry matter. In vitro gas production was recorded and methane concentration was determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 h, the incubation was terminated and the inoculants were measured for pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFA). Total deoxyribonucleic acid of ruminal microbes was extracted from the inocula, and populations were determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Populations of total rumen methanogens, protozoa, total fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were expressed as a proportion of total rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Compared with the control, the 2 TCMC decreased (P ≤ 0.05) total VFA concentration, acetate molar proportion, acetate to propionate ratio, gas and methane productions at 12 and 24 h, hydrogen (H) produced and consumed, and methanogens and total fungi populations, while the 2 TCMC increased (P ≤ 0.05) propionate molar proportion. Traditional Chinese medicine compound 1 also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) R. flavefaciens population. From the present study, it is inferred that there is an effect of the TCMC in suppressing methanogenesis, probably mediated via indirect mode by channeling H2 utilized for methanogenesis to synthesis of propionate and direct action against the rumen microbes involved in methane formation. In addition, the relative methane reduction potential (RMRP) of TCMC2 was superior to that of TCMC1. 相似文献
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The sponge and dough mixing process is one of the most common in the world, yet the mechanistic understanding of this process has yet to be sufficiently explored. In this study, aqueous solutions of ethanol, succinic acid, and their combination were prepared at concentrations intended to replicate fermentation times of 3, 4 and 6 h. These solutions were added to a farinograph mixer to make dough using hard wheat, soft wheat, and durum wheat flour. The results indicate that these yeast metabolites (ethanol, succinic acid) impact the mixing resistance, peak mixing value, and dough mixing stability in each of the flour types, likely primarily affected by the ratios of gliadin to glutenin and LMW glutenin in each flour type. Results suggest a stabilizing non-covalent interaction imparted by gliadin at peak mixing time, a stabilizing effect of HMW glutenin during break down, and synergistic effects of ethanol and succinic acid that leads to a faster rate of breakdown in later stages of mixing. It also suggests an increase in mixing resistance when acidulants are added to durum wheat dough. Taken together, this study adds new insights on the sponge and dough mixing process in a way that has not previously been conducted. 相似文献
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[目的]研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵米糠中蛋白多肽的水解度和抗氧化活性,为米糠的高值化综合利用提供技术参考。[方法]以枯草芽孢杆菌为菌种,研究米糠发酵制备活性肽的条件,并对活性肽的抗氧化活性进行评价。[结果]当枯草芽孢杆菌接种量5%、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度36℃、p H 8时,米糠发酵液中水解度较高,达到了21.74%。枯草芽孢杆菌发酵制备的米糠活性肽具有较强的清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力。此外,米糠活性肽分子量主要分布在100~5 000 Da,富含天冬氨酸和谷氨酸,并包含了6种人体必需氨基酸。[结论]枯草芽孢杆菌发酵具有提高米糠功能特性的潜力,可为米糠的高值化利用提供参考。 相似文献
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阐述了规模化养猪所产生的粪尿污染对大气、水体、土壤及人体的影响,并总结了科学规划设计规模化养猪场、营养控制、合理饲养管理、科学清粪以及运用发酵床养猪技术等污染控制措施。 相似文献
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[目的]研究毕赤酵母菌株(Pichia GS115)表达人C型溶菌酶(H-LYZ)的发酵与分离纯化的工艺.[方法]探讨酵母生长规律,研究不同菌体浓度、不同诱导时间对蛋白产量的影响,并且探讨不同pH条件对DEAE-SepharseFF和CM-Sepharose FF层析分离纯化目标蛋白的影响.[结果]毕赤酵母菌株表达H-LYZ的最佳发酵条件为:发酵24h用浓度1%甲醇诱导,以后每12 h用浓度1%甲醇诱导,共6次,在此条件下可获得高产量目标蛋白.DEAE-Sepharose FF和CM-Sepharose FF分离纯化目标蛋白的最佳pH分别为6.65和6.50.[结论]该研究可为人C型溶菌酶的工艺化生产提供理论指导. 相似文献
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以玉米芯为发酵原料,EM酵素菌、有机物料腐熟剂、金宝贝菌剂3种市售菌剂为发酵菌剂,研究了3种菌剂处理对玉米芯发酵过程中纤维素降解及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同发酵菌剂处理后,纤维素降解酶的活性均增强,玉米芯基质中的纤维素、半纤维素降解率高于对照,其中EM酵素菌处理效果最佳;3种菌剂处理使木质素过氧化物酶活性增强,可有效提高玉米芯基质中的木质素降解率,其中金宝贝菌剂处理效果最佳,与对照相比降解率提高21.1%~50.5%。 相似文献