无菌条件下野蔷薇种子快速催芽的研究

野蔷薇种子休眠深,发芽极不整齐,给育苗带来很大麻烦。以野蔷薇的3个无刺品系No.3、No.4、No.11和野蔷薇变种荷花蔷薇为试材,研究在无菌条件下,冷藏时间、GA3浓度和不同基质对野蔷薇种子发芽的影响,探索快速得到无菌实生苗的条件。结果表明:(1)影响野蔷薇种子萌发最主要的因素是冷藏时间;(2)3个无刺品系种子在冷藏10～15d、GA30.05～0.1mg/L处理时发芽率均在90%～100%,而荷花蔷薇种子在冷藏15d、GA30.05mg/L处理时最高发芽率为73%;(3)选用沙子作基质比蛭石更适合种子发芽。     

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’和‘枫林红晕’

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’是以‘Branice Sunny’为母本,‘183’株系为父本经人工杂交选育而成,舌状花亮黄色,头状花序直径3.7 cm,冠幅63.8 cm,单株着花1 007朵。‘枫林红晕’是以‘388’株系为母本,从德国引进的多个品种为父本混合授粉选育而成,舌状花中上部粉色,下部白色,头状花序直径3.6 cm,冠幅60.2 cm,单株着花847朵。两个新品种冠幅大,株形紧凑丰满,呈半圆形,群体效果良好,适于北京地区秋季绿化。     

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’是以‘东篱娇粉’为母本，A42为父本进行杂交，经5年选择培育而成。株形较大，自然成球，自然开花期集中在9月中下旬到10月中下旬，半重瓣，舌状花为鲜亮的红色，可满足北京地区国庆用花的需求。     

A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.     

Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption

Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.     

红刺玫染色体的观察和核型分析

作者主要对红刺玫细胞染色体计数,并对其核型进行分析。研究结果表明:红刺玫的染色体为三倍体,2n=3x=21;核型公式为2n=3x=21=18m 3sm,属于2A型。     

Are some weeds sleeping? Some concepts and reasons

Summary Sleeper weeds, a relatively new concept, are defined as a sub-group of invasive plant species for which their population sizes are known to have increased significantly more than 50 years after they became naturalized. The invasions of the European herb Hieracium pilosella into New Zealand, the northeast Asian Fallopia japonica and the Sicilian Senecio squalidus into Britain are presented as well-documented examples of sleeper weeds. While the concept of sleeper weeds has gained some acceptance with weed managers, its application remains a retrospective activity at present. Genetic factors, environmental suitability and anthropogenic disturbance are discussed as they affect sleeper weed status. Accurate botanical records for invasive species over long periods of time are relatively rare and limit documentation of the phenomenon. Some mathematical and ecological problems remain with the concept and its wider application to weed invasion, including the adequacy of the species level for determining sleeper weed status in genetically diverse and widely distributed groups of invasive plants.     

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes.     

根癌农杆菌胁迫下多花蔷薇（Rosa multiflora'Inermis 4'）的基因表达分析

  多花蔷薇无刺4号（Rosa multiflora'Inermis 4'）对根癌病有较强抗性。以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)接种多花蔷薇无刺4号为目的材料,刺伤处理为对照,采用抑制差减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）方法,构建了富集多花蔷薇根癌病抗性相关基因的差减cDNA文库。差异筛选差减cDNA文库后,随机选取增强表达的92个克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA和病菌的基因片段,共得到53个单一序列。利用GenBank数据库进行核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,获得的cDNA片段功能涉及：细胞分裂、生长（22个克隆）,逆境防御、信号转导及激素调节（11个克隆）以及初生与次生代谢（10个克隆）。另有10个基因片段功能未知,可能为新的EST。根据测序及比对分析结果,对多花蔷薇无刺4号抗根癌病的分子机理进行了探讨。     

多花蔷薇花挥发油化学成分的GC／MS分析

本文采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术，分析了经并时蒸馏萃取装置获得的多花蔷薇挥发油化学成分。共鉴定出２８种化合物，为开发、利用这一野生资源提供了科学依据。