爬山虎水提液与抗菌药联用对含fosA3基因大肠杆菌的抑菌效果

[目的]探讨爬山虎水提液与抗菌药联用对含fosA3基因大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,为爬山虎的综合开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]从病猪的肠道组织分泌物中分离菌株,对其进行鉴定和fosA3基因检测,采用二倍微量稀释法检测爬山虎水提液与不同抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),然后用微量棋盘稀释法测定爬山虎水提液与抗菌药联用的抑菌浓度指数(FICI).[结果]分离获得的菌株为含fosA3基因大肠杆菌,爬山虎水提液对含fosA3大肠杆菌的MIC为500g/mL.以500 g/mL爬山虎水提液与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、粘杆菌素、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟等9种抗菌药联用的FICI为0.188～1.000,其中,爬山虎水提液与粘杆菌素、氟苯尼考间存在协同作用,与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟呈相加作用.[结论]爬山虎水提液可增强部分抗菌药对含fosA3大肠杆菌的抗菌活性,且呈协同或相加作用.     

救必应水提物与抗菌药联用对产ESBLs细菌的抑制效果

【目的】探讨救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导细菌传代的体外抑菌活性,为救必应的综合开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法体外检测救必应水提取物与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并以1/2 MIC的救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extended spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs）细菌传代,然后用微量棋盘稀释法测定救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合作用后的部分抑菌浓度指数（FICI）。【结果】救必应水提取物的MIC为1.0 g/mL,以0.5g/mL的救必应水提取物与阿莫西林、左氧氟沙星、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、头孢噻呋钠6种抗菌药联合诱导产ESBLs细菌传代后MIC显著降低,联用后的FICI分别为0.375、0.750、0.750、0.515、0.750和0.750。【结论】救必应水提取物可明显增强抗菌药对产ESBLs细菌的抗菌活性,且呈协同或相加作用。     

Study on the Effect of the Rosemarinic Acid Combined with Antibacterial Agents on the Bacterial with Gene fosA3

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5<FICI≤1,showed an synergistic correlation;With amoxicillin,fosfomycin,florfenicol,1<FICI≤2,showed an independent effect.The results showed that rosemarinic acid had some inhibitory activity and fungicidal effect on the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid.     

Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Queous Extract of Phryma leptostachya L.var. asiatica Hara Combined with Antibiotics in vitro against ESBLs-producing E.coli

In order to study the antibacterial effects in vitro of the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with antibiotics against ESBLs-producing E.coli,we used broth micro-dilution method and micro-dilution checker-board technique to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara and antibiotics.The results showed that the FICI of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine,rifampicin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox,lincomycin were 0.75,0.75,1.00,0.75,0.53,0.51,0.75,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5 and 2.5,respectively.The results of the tests indicated that the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combining with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine and rifampicin showed additive effect;Combining with ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox and lincomycin had the antagonistic effect.     

迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合对含fosA3基因细菌抑菌效果的研究

试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5<FICI≤1,有相加作用;与阿莫西林、磷霉素、氟苯尼考联合应用后1<FICI≤2,存在无关作用。结果表明,迷迭香酸对含fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。     

黄柏水提物联合抗菌药对产ESBLs大肠杆菌的抑菌效果

[目的]探讨黄柏水提物与抗菌药联用对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠杆菌的抑制效果,为黄柏的综合开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]采用二倍微量肉汤稀释法测定黄柏水提物与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并采用微量棋盘稀释法测定黄柏水提物与抗菌药联用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI).[结果]黄柏水提物对产ESBLs大肠杆菌的MIC为500 mg/mL,黄柏水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、头孢噻呋钠、头孢他啶、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、克林沙星、加替沙星、头孢噻肟联用后的FICI为0.50~2.01,其中,黄柏水提物与阿莫西林、头孢曲松钠、头孢噻呋钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、痢菌净联用存在相加作用,与氟苯尼考联用存在协同作用,与诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶间为无关作用,与环丙沙星、加替沙星联用呈拮抗作用.[结论]黄柏水提物与青霉素类、第三代头孢菌素、痢菌净、氟苯尼考联用是通过相加或协同作用提高药物对产ESBLs大肠杆菌的抑制效果,但不宜与喹诺酮类抗菌药联合用药.     

16味蒙药对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌O8的体外抑菌效果研究

为筛选对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）和大肠杆菌O8（E.coli O₈）具有良好抑菌作用的蒙药,本试验采用牛津杯法测定金银花、黄连、何首乌、地榆、五味子、秦皮、穿心莲、甘草、蒲公英、夏枯草、虎杖、柴胡、黄柏、苦参、石榴皮、板蓝根16味蒙药的抑菌圈直径,微量稀释法和平板法测定蒙药的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC）,棋盘法测定敏感蒙药对E.coli O8和S.aureus的协同指数（fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI）。结果显示,黄柏、金银花、黄连、五味子、蒲公英、秦皮6味蒙药对S.aureus的抑菌圈直径为10.22~22.44 mm,MIC为15.6~250 mg/mL;五味子、金银花、黄连、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8的抑菌圈直径为11.29~26.41 mm,MIC为15.6~500 mg/mL;黄柏与黄连联合用药对S.aureus的FICI为0.36,为协同作用,黄连与地榆联合用药对E.coli O8的FICI为0.48,为协同作用。综上所述,金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮、蒲公英、黄柏6味蒙药对S.aureus综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏;金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏,黄柏、黄连、秦皮在抑制S.aureus的组方中可优先考虑,黄连与地榆在抑制E.coli O8的组方中可优先考虑。     

含珠草水提取物与抗菌药联用对含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的抑菌效果研究

为探讨含珠草水提取物与抗菌药物联用体外抗含fos A3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果,对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测含珠草水提取物与抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),以1/2 MIC的含珠草水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导含fos A3耐药基因大肠杆菌,并进行传代试验,采用微量棋盘稀释法测定含珠草水提取物与抗菌药联合作用后的部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到的菌株为含fos A3耐药基因大肠杆菌;含珠草水提取物的MIC为0.5 g/m L,以0.25 g/m L的含珠草水提取物与14种抗菌药联合使用3代后,14种抗菌药的MIC显著降低,均降到1.562 5以下;含珠草水提取物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI均小于等于0.5,与阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考联合应用后FICI均大于0.5且小于1。表明,含珠草水提取物与抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强,二者之间具有协同或相加作用。     

微量显色法测定五指毛桃抑菌活性

[目的]采用微量显色法评价五指毛桃水提物对常见食源性致病菌的抑菌活性,并与传统抑菌测定方法比较,探讨其灵敏度。[方法]以五指毛桃根为材料,采用微量显色法、滤纸片扩散法和倍比稀释法研究五指毛桃水提取物的抑菌活性。[结果]噻唑蓝法检测五指毛桃水提物抑菌活性条件优化:菌液初始浓度105～106CFU/ml,噻唑蓝终浓度0.5 mg/ml;在该试验条件下,五指毛桃水提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度分别为11.21和14.07 mg/ml。滤纸片法和倍比稀释法检测出五指毛桃水提物具有抑菌活性。[结论]噻唑蓝法比传统抑菌测定方法的灵敏度高,更适用于颜色较深的植物提取物的抑菌活性检测。     

透骨草水提物与抗菌药对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外联合抑菌作用研究

为了探究透骨草水提物与抗菌药联合对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用二倍微量肉汤稀释法与微量方阵棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与透骨草的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用后的FICI分别为0.75、0.75、1.00、0.75、0.53、0.51、0.75、4.5、4.5、4.5、4.5、2.5。结果表明,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平联合作用时有相加作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用。