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1.
栗蚕是珍稀的野蚕资源。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定栗蚕幼虫不同发育时期、不同组织器官的酯酶同工酶酶谱,并依据酯酶同工酶酶谱的多态性分析纯黑、纯绿2个品种的亲缘关系。检测结果表明:栗蚕幼虫中肠的酯酶同工酶活性和酶带数随龄期而增加,且同一龄期以盛食期的酶表达量最高;幼虫中肠及脂肪体中的酯酶同工酶活性较强,并且酶带数较多;2个供试品种间的酯酶同工酶酶谱明显不同。根据酶谱差异分析2个品种的遗传相似系数为0.86,表现出较近的亲缘关系。研究结果提示:栗蚕幼虫酯酶同工酶的酶活性和酶带数与生长发育和组织功能有关,幼虫酯酶同工酶酶谱可以作为分析品种间亲缘关系的依据之一。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨枸杞雄性不育性与同工酶的内在联系,为枸杞雄性不育的机理和雄性不育鉴定提供参考依据。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对枸杞雄性不育株和可育株花蕾过氧化物同工酶(POD)和酯酶同工酶(EST)进行分析。[结果]结果表明,雄性不育株“YX一1”和可育株“宁杞1号”花蕾POD和EST同工酶电泳图谱均存在差异,雄性不育株“YX-1”在花蕾的各个发育时期POD同工酶的活性都高于可育株“宁杞1号”。在减数分裂期和花粉成熟期,枸杞不育株“YX-1”与可育株“宁杞1号”花蕾EST同工酶活性高于可育株“宁杞1号”。[结论]POD同工酶与育性存在密切的关系,雄性不育基因的表达可能从花粉母细胞时期就已经开始了。 相似文献
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12个黄伞菌株的酯酶同工酶分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
[目的]探讨同工酶技术在黄伞分类鉴别中的应用效果。[方法]利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对来源于不同地区的12个黄伞菌株进行酯酶同工酶比较和分析,并通过聚类分析软件对各菌株间的遗传差异性进行分析。[结果]电泳染色共检测出23条酶带,绝大多数菌株间同工酶图谱类型表现出差异。各菌株的酶带数目不同,分别为3—14条,其中相对迁移率(Rf)值为0.70的酶带为12个菌株所共有,Rf值为0.66的酶带为11个菌株共有,可以认为是黄伞的基础酶谱带;Pa1、Pa2、Pa3、Pa4、Pa5、Pa10、Pa11菌株之间酶谱差异非常大,多态性较强;Pa6、Pa7菌株酶带基本相同,亲缘关系非常近,具有共同的遗传基础,可能为同种异名。聚类分析结果表明,12个黄伞菌株间隶属度在(0.49,1.00),在0.64水平上可将12个菌株划分为3大类。[结论]酯酶同工酶可作为黄伞菌种质资源研究最有效的生化指标之一。 相似文献
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K. ShankarganeshSuresh Walia Swaran Dhingra B. SubrahmanyamS. Ramesh Babu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):86-90
Resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has been attributed to enhanced detoxification of insecticides by increased levels of esterases, oxidases and/or glutathione S-transferases. Enzyme inhibiting insecticide synergists can be employed to counter increased levels of such enzymes in S. litura. Dihydrodillapiole induced synergism of pyrethroid toxicity was examined in the laboratory-reared third instar larval population of S. litura collected in Delhi (susceptible), and Guntur (resistant) region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Guntur population was found to be 7.04 and 10.19 times resistant to cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and profenophos against susceptible and resistance populations of S. litura, was gradually increased when used along with a plant-derived insecticide synergist dihydrodillapiole. The α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysable esterase activity in Delhi population was less as compared to the Guntur population. Resistance associated esterases in Delhi population were inhibited by pre-treatment with dihydrodillapiole. The esterase level in insect was instantly reduced initially, sustained for about 3 h and equilibrated at 4 h post treatment. The esterase activity of Guntur population was increased to 1.28 μmoles/mg/min at 2 h post treatment and subsequently reduced to lower than 0.70 μmoles at 4-12 h post treatment. The variation in esterase activity is suggestive of its homeostatic regulation in test populations. Dihydrodillapiole thus caused significant reduction of resistance in S. litura to cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and profenophos. 相似文献
7.
The tarnished plant bug (TPB) has increasingly become an economically important pest of cotton. Heavy dependence on insecticides, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, for TPB control facilitated resistance development to multiple classes of insecticides. To better understand resistance and explore ways to monitor resistance in field populations, this study examined acephate susceptibility and the activities of two major detoxification enzymes in nine field populations collected in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas in 2010. Two Arkansas populations from Reed and Backgate had 3.5- and 4.3-fold resistance to acephate, as compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. Extensive planting of cotton and heavy chemical sprays is a major driving force for resistance development to acephate in Mid-south cotton growing areas. Reduced susceptibility to acephate was highly correlated with elevated esterase activities. The acephate-resistant populations from Backgate, Lula, and Reed consistently had higher (up to 5.3-fold) esterase activities than susceptible populations. Regression analysis of LC50s with kinetic esterase activities revealed a significant polynomial quadratic relationship with R2 up to 0.89. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) also had elevated activity in most populations, but the variations of GST activities were not significantly correlated with changes of acephate susceptibility. Finally, examination of esterase and GST inhibitors indicated that suppression rates (up to 70%) by two esterase inhibitors in 2010 were slightly lower than those detected in 2006, and ethacrynic acid (EA) inhibited GST effectively in both years. Two other GST inhibitors (sulfobromophthalein and diethyl maleate) displayed significantly lower suppression rates in 2010 than those detected in 2006, suggesting a potential genetic shift in pest populations and a necessity of continued monitoring for insecticide resistance with both bioassay and biochemical approaches. Results indicated that using major detoxification enzyme activities for resistance monitoring may provide insight into acephate resistance in field populations of TPB. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):103-116
Native Danish oak stands are fragmented and decreasing because of the extensive use of foreign seed sources. Therefore, the population structure of natural Danish oak stands was analysed by means of six polymorphic enzyme loci. A total of 17 stands of Quercus robur L. (including an ''outgroup'' sample from The Netherlands), seven Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and two putative hybrid stands were included in the study. The average genetic diversity was similar for the two species as well as for the putative hybrid stands: 0.25 for Q. robur, 0.27 for Q. petraea and 0.26 for the hybrid stands. The genotypic proportions at two (Pgm and Mnr) of the six loci showed many significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, always with an excess of homozygotes, whereas the remaining four loci accorded to Hardy-Weinberg proportions, suggesting a low level of inbreeding. The differentiation of the Q. petraea and Q. robur populations was quantified with Wright's F-statistics. The within-species component was low, 0.022, reflecting the wind-pollinated reproductive mode of the two species. The betweenspecies component was 10-fold higher, 0.235, indicating two separate groups. A phylogenetic tree estimated from allele frequencies also supported the presence of these two groups. Despite the two well-separated groups in the tree, it was not possible to assign all individuals to the species to which they supposedly belonged. In total, 10% of the Q. robur individuals and 14% of the Q. petraea individuals were assigned to the other species, suggesting a limited amount of introgression between the two species. 相似文献
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[目的]阐明Cd2+对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)种子萌发的作用以及花生萌发过程中超氧阴离子(O2-.)含量的变化与酯酶同工酶、淀粉同工酶的关系。[方法]分别采用组织化学定位和电泳技术。[结果]10、30μmol/L Cd2+处理对花生胚根和下胚轴有显著的促进生长作用,使花生子叶中酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性增强,子叶以及胚根O2-.含量提高。[结论]酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性的提高与Cd2+诱导的超氧阴离子的提高相关。 相似文献
10.
选取6个多年生黑麦草品种,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对它们的根和茎叶的酯酶及过氧化物同功酶进行了测定,将酶谱数量化,应用SPSS统计软件求出各品种间的遗传相异度,并进行了聚类分析。结果表明:(1)本研究中的4个同功酶图谱皆有多态性,可以鉴别供试的6个品种;(2)供试品种之间的Jaccard相异系数在0.3到0.9091之间。若以Jaccard相异系数0.50为阈值,可以将供试品种分为3群:雅晴和匹克为一群,凯琳特、顶峰和明星为一群,首相单独为一群;(3)Jac-card相异系数最低的为雅晴和匹克两个品种以及顶峰和明星两个品种,均为0.30,亲缘关系最近。而首相与其它品种亲缘关系最远。 相似文献