1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

几种除草剂对春麦田禾本科杂草的防除效果

野燕麦、旱雀麦是青海春麦田主要的禾本科杂草,发生普遍,危害严重.为控制其危害,对目前开发出来的6种防除麦田禾本科杂草的除草剂进行了田间药效试验,结果表明:50g/L炔草酸·唑啉草脂EC 600mL/hm2、150g/L麦极WP 300g/hm、69g/L骠马EW 750mL/hm2对野燕麦的防效分别达到98.80%、9...     

Support system for efficient dosage of orchard and vineyard spraying products

This paper establishes a system to support the dose evaluation part of the pesticide registration process so that growers can make more efficient use of different spraying products across a broad range of European orchards and vineyards. The system comprises: a dose adjustment model and a small database of standard target structures (i.e., regional exemplars where efficient and efficacious use of pesticide is obtained at the label dose rate). The model includes a generalised scaling group relationship between the parameters that describe: sprayer output, target row structure and spray volume deposit. The upper limit for dose adjustment is based on the environmental fate of pesticide and this is represented in the model by the ratio of maximum ground area dose rate to minimum efficacious deposit which is normalised for alignment with target structure measurements. The model is used to examine the leaf-wall-area dose rate recently proposed by the European agrochemical manufacturing industry for harmonising pesticide registration. Good agreement is demonstrated between published measurements and model predictions of ground area and leaf-wall-area dose rate variation at constant deposit for a wide range of target structures (i.e., English pome- and stone-fruit orchards and Italian vineyards). The results are used to establish standard target structures for spraying products with different uses. These standards are needed by regulators to: translate between the different methods of expressing dose rate and improve the accuracy of label dose recommendations. The standards are also needed by growers to enable: more accurate calibration of spraying equipment and prediction of the optimum adjustment of label dose rate for different orchards and vineyards.     

棕竹灰斑病病原菌生物学特性及化学防治研究

[目的]研究棕竹灰斑病菌[Pestalotiopsis palmarum（Cke.）Stey.]的生物学特性并对其杀菌剂进行筛选。[方法]采集具有典型症状的病害标本,根据柯赫氏法则分离病原物和病原菌纯化后进行病原菌鉴定及生物学特性测定。同时,测定了4种供试杀菌剂在3种不同浓度下对病原菌的抑菌作用。[结果]菌丝生长最适温度、pH、碳源、氮源分别为25℃、pH 6、葡萄糖、硝酸钾;黑暗条件有利于菌丝的生长,而光照条件则有利于孢子的产生。供试药剂中以70%甲基托布津和50%使百功防效最为明显,分别在2 000和500μg/m l时防效高达100%。[结论]为棕竹灰斑病的防治提供了理论依据。     

250g／L氟磺胺草醚水剂对大豆田阔叶杂草的防治效果

[目的]研究250g/L氟磺胺草醚SL在吉林省区域内防治大豆田间杂草的效果。[方法]以250g/L氟磺胺苹醚SL为供试药剂,于2007年在吉林省大豆主产区进行大豆田除草药效试验。[结果]250g／L氟磺胺草醚SL对大豆田一年生阔叶杂草有良好的防除效果,而且对大豆生长安全,推荐用量300．0～375．0g／hm^2。[结论]该试验为250g／L氟磺胺草醚SL的进一步推广应用提供参考。     

5种杀虫剂防治小麦蚜虫田间药效试验

为做好高效低毒、生物农药替代高毒高残留农药工作,特进行小麦蚜虫田间药效试验。通过此次试验筛选出具有一定的速效性与持效性的药剂,可以用高效低毒、生物农药替代化学农药防治蚜虫。     

植物源杀虫剂苦皮藤素蛀干害虫药签的研制和药效试验

[目的]探讨苦皮藤素蛀干害虫药签的最佳配方及其防治效果。[方法]通过筛选试验和理化性能测定确定苦皮藤素蛀干害虫药签的最佳配方。[结果]苦皮藤素蛀干害虫药签的最佳配方如下：6%苦皮藤素原油0.034% 粘结剂为10%阿拉伯树胶,载体为80%硅藻土,调制剂为丁酸乙酯和去离子水。药签防治杨树和桃树蛀干害虫的总防治率达到72.14%。其中桑天牛的死亡率最高,为82.76%,云斑白条天牛次之,为78.18%,星天牛的死亡率为77.50%,光肩星天牛的死亡率为73.33%,桃红颈天牛的死亡率为73.08%,而对其他蛀干害虫防治率较低,为28.57%。[结论]该研究为苦皮藤药签的工业化生产提供了依据。     

安徽省萧县小麦胞囊线虫病研究初报

[目的]为有效防治萧县小麦胞囊线虫病提供理论依据。[方法]通过对萧县小麦胞囊线虫病的田间调查与试验,研究了小麦胞囊线虫病的发生范围、田间分布及危害。[结果]小麦胞囊线虫年均只发生一代。病害分布面积占普查面积的79．3％。小麦田土壤中小麦胞囊线虫卵的平均密度为6．5粒／g。与施用2次涕灭威颗粒剂的小区相比,未施药小区新麦12和皖麦50的鲜重损失率分别为23．3％和22．5％,孕穗数分别减少25．9％和11．1％。与未施药小区相比,3．2％阿维菌素0．56ml／m^2、15％涕灭威颗粒剂2．8、4．3g／m^2和施用2次4．3g／m^2小区的平均单株根部雌虫数量分别降低～5．2％、24．0％、44．8％和60．4％,单株鲜重分别增长-7．0％、5．3％、1．2％和17．0％,孕穗数分别增长4％、8％、8％和16％。[结论]深入研究小麦胞囊线虫病发生规律及防治措施对有效防治萧县小麦胞囊线虫病尤秀重要。     

Seasonal fluctuation in the population of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. in the sub-himalayan region of West Bengal, India and its control on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Eggplant is one of the most common vegetable crops grown in India and other parts of the world. Leucinodes orbonalis is the key pest infesting eggplant, with international importance as it causes heavy damage in all eggplant growing areas. It is very difficult to control this pest since it feeds inside the shoot and fruit, and there is every possibility of toxic residues remaining in the fruits as they are harvested at frequent intervals and are consumed after little cooking. In the sub-himalayan region of West Bengal, India the pest was found to be most active during summer and the rainy season, particularly during May–August, and caused 49.5–81.0% damage to fruits. Peak infestation (81.0% fruit damage) was noticed in the first week of June (22nd standard week), when the mean temperature, mean relative humidity and weekly rainfall were 27.8°C, 79.2% and 81.2 mm respectively. The pest became less active during winter months particularly in December–January. Borer infestation showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.05) with maximum and mean temperature, minimum and mean relative humidity and rainfall, whereas with maximum relative humidity the correlation was negative but non-significant. The insecticides evaluated in the field for L. orbonalis control on eggplant revealed that avermectin (Vertimec 1.9 EC; 0.5 ml/l) was the most effective in suppressing dead heart caused by the pest, closely followed by Beauveria bassiana (Biorin 107 conidia/ml; 1 ml/l) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Biolep 5 × 107 spores/ml; 1 g/l). Significantly lower levels of fruit damage were recorded after avermectin treatment, closely followed by DDVP (0.05%) (Nuvan 76 SL; 2 ml/3 l) when compared with the untreated control. The other insecticides tested, including a neem formulation (Neemactin 0.15 EC; 2.5 ml/l) and malathion (0.05%) (Malathion 50 EC; 1.0 ml/l), were less effective. None of the insecticides evaluated produced satisfactory results against L. orbonalis. However, avermectin, besides being environmentally safe, was effective for a longer duration and could thus be recommended for Integrated Pest Management programmes on eggplant.     

7种杀菌剂对抑制油菜菌核萌发及子囊盘的杀灭效果

为探讨不同杀菌剂对抑制油菜菌核萌发及子囊盘的杀灭效果,采取室内测定和田间试验的方法,对7种常用杀菌剂的药效以及不同外部条件对菌核萌发、子囊盘数量及其存活率的影响进行试验研究。结果显示,供试7种杀菌剂均能显著抑制菌核萌发,并对子囊盘有显著的杀灭效果,田间防效均达到70%以上;不同外部条件对菌核萌发、子囊盘数量及其存活率有显著影响,在潮湿状态下菌核萌发率达到64.4%,干燥状态下能够存活但不能萌发,水淹状态下菌核死亡率达到90%以上,在药剂处理条件下虽能存活但萌发率较低;杀菌剂处理对不同深度土壤中的菌核萌发的抑制效果存在明显差异,埋土深度大于7cm很少萌发子囊盘,小于4cm能够较好萌发;使用杀菌剂土表喷雾处理能显著抑制菌核萌发产生子囊盘,其抑制率达到66.7%以上,但随埋土深度增加对菌核萌发抑制率明显降低。说明多菌灵、百菌清、菌核净及甲基托布津均可作为今后抑制油菜菌核萌发及杀灭子囊盘的较理想药剂,同时采取稻-油轮作、播栽前土壤深翻或土表药剂处理,能显著降低田间菌源量,是控制病害的有效措施。