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1.
梨果实石细胞团的发育,分布及其对果实品质的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1997年对梨果实石细胞团的发育和分布进行了观察分析,供试品种43个。通过对苹果梨、南果梨、丰水梨,伏茄梨四个品种的石细胞团形成过程的观察,及43个梨品种的成熟果实中石细胞团大小和分布的观察测定发现,梨果实石细胞团的形成从花后15d左右开始,花后2个月内基本结束,梨果实中石细胞团分布一般以近果皮处和近果心处密度高、直径大,中层果肉中石细胞团密度低,直径小,果实中石细胞团直径较大,密度高的品种肉质较 相似文献
2.
迷迭香精油对几种植物病原菌的抑菌活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法测定了迷迭香精油对甜瓜蔓枯病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、甜瓜灰霉病菌、甜瓜枯萎病菌、梨树腐烂病菌、柑橘黑腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌、蚕豆轮纹病菌和桃细菌性穿孔病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:迷迭香精油对8种病原真菌都具有很好的抑菌活性,其EC50分别为843.9914、1 084.2372、483.9457、1 735.5866、1 011.7869、901.2150、356.8803、1 197.3657 μL/L;对桃细菌性穿孔病菌也具有一定的抑菌活性,浓度为100 mL/L时,抑菌圈直径为1.00 cm,最低抑菌浓度为1 000 μL/L. 相似文献
3.
Zaida Mu?oz Assumpció Moret Sandra Garcés 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):331-337
The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the
percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%). 相似文献
4.
分子生物学技术在真菌种性检测中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文介绍了当前应用于真菌分类学中的六种分子生物学技术(G C值、DNA互补,RNA技术,RFLP、RAPD五种核酸技术和一种蛋白质技术——同工酶技术)的原理、操作。适用范围及其应用状况,为食、药用真菌研究者和生产者提供参考。 相似文献
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6.
为科学评价我国桑树品种资源的食用价值,指导桑叶、桑椹的食用新产品开发,在对我国具有代表性的100份桑树品种资源的桑叶和桑椹进行营养品质、功能活性成分和加工特性鉴评的基础上,运用模糊数学中的隶属函数法对与桑叶蔬菜、桑叶茶和桑果汁(酒)的营养品质相关的各项指标数据进行转化,综合评价各品种的食用价值,筛选出一批食用优势品种。其中,最适合桑叶茶制作的10个桑树品种是粤诱35、粤诱19、任抗1号、粤诱33、抗10、粤诱18、鄂诱1、69、抗11、北-4-1,最适合桑叶蔬菜开发的10个桑树品种是粤诱35、任抗1号、英沙3、抗锈3号、坪镇2、粤诱19、抗10、粤诱25、抗11、白沙2,最适合果汁(酒)加工的10个桑树品种是粤椹15号(大10,无籽)、粤椹2号、粤椹18号、粤椹29号、粤椹27号、粤椹26号、粤椹33号、粤椹16号、粤椹66号、粤椹38号。目前种植面积较大的具有食用开发价值的桑树品种有适合果汁(酒)开发的品种大10,适合开发桑叶茶和桑叶蔬菜的品种抗10。另还确定了一批具有食用开发价值的优势储备桑树种质资源,可作为以食用价值开发为导向的桑树新品种选育的基础材料。 相似文献
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The majority of dead organic material enters the soil carbon pool following initial incorporation into microbial biomass. The decomposition of microbial necromass carbon (C) is, therefore, an important process governing the balance between terrestrial and atmospheric C pools. We tested how abiotic stress (drought), biotic interactions (invertebrate grazing) and physical disturbance influence the biochemistry (C:N ratio and calcium oxalate production) of living fungal cells, and the subsequent stabilization of fungal-derived C after senescence. We traced the fate of 13C-labeled necromass from ‘stressed’ and ‘unstressed’ fungi into living soil microbes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total soil carbon and respired CO2. All stressors stimulated the production of calcium oxalate crystals and enhanced the C:N ratios of living fungal mycelia, leading to the formation of ‘recalcitrant’ necromass. Although we were unable to detect consistent effects of stress on the mineralization rates of fungal necromass, a greater proportion of the non-stressed (labile) fungal necromass C was stabilised in soil. Our finding is consistent with the emerging understanding that recalcitrant material is entirely decomposed within soil, but incorporated less efficiently into living microbial biomass and, ultimately, into stable SOC. 相似文献
9.
Fungal N2O production results from a respiratory denitrification that reduces NO3−/NO2− in response to the oxidation of an electron donor, often organic C. Despite similar heterotrophic nature, fungal denitrifiers may differ from bacterial ones in exploiting diverse resources. We hypothesized that complex C compounds and substances could favor the growth of fungi over bacteria, and thereby leading to fungal dominance for soil N2O emissions. Effects of substrate quality on fungal and bacterial N2O production were, therefore, examined in a 44-d incubation after soils were amended with four different substrates, i.e., glucose, cellulose, winter pea, and switchgrass at 2 mg C g−1 soil. During periodic measurements of soil N2O fluxes at 80% soil water-filled pore space and with the supply of KNO3, substrate treatments were further subjected to four antibiotic treatments, i.e., no antibiotics or soil addition of streptomycin, cycloheximide or both so that fungal and bacterial N2O production could be separated. Up to d 8 when antibiotic inhibition on substrate-induced microbial activity and/or growth was still detectable, bacterial N2O production was generally greater in glucose- than in cellulose-amended soils and also in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. In contrast, fungal N2O production was more enhanced in soils amended with cellulose than with glucose. Therefore, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios were greater in complex than in simple C substrates. These ratios were positively correlated with fungal-to-bacterial activity ratios, i.e., CO2 production ratios, suggesting that substrate-associated fungal or bacterial preferential activity and/or growth might be the cause. Considering substrate depletion over time and thereby becoming limited for microbial N2O production, measurements of soil N2O fluxes were also carried out with additional supply of glucose, irrespective of different substrate treatments. This measurement condition might lead to potentially high rates of fungal and bacterial N2O production. As expected, bacterial N2O production was greater with added glucose than with added cellulose on d 4 and d 8. However, this pattern was broken on d 28, with bacterial N2O production lower with added glucose than with added cellulose. In contrast, plant residue impacts on soil N2O fluxes were consistent over 44-d, with greater bacterial contribution, lower fungal contribution, and thus lower fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Real-time PCR analysis also demonstrated that the ratios of 16S rDNA to ITS and the copy numbers of bacterial denitrifying genes were greater in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Despite some inconsistency found on the impacts of cellulose versus glucose on fungal and bacterial leading roles for N2O production, the results generally supported the working hypothesis that complex substrates promoted fungal dominance for soil N2O emissions. 相似文献
10.