表达猪乳铁蛋白肽重组屎肠球菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及其抗ETEC感染效果研究

本试验以表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌（pNZ8112-PLFcin/Ef）饲喂断奶仔猪，研究其对仔猪生长性能的影响和抗产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli，ETEC）感染的效果。选取28日龄体重相近的健康断奶仔猪36头，随机分为3组（重组屎肠球菌组、空载体组和培养基组），每组3个重复，每个重复4头仔猪。重组屎肠球菌组和空载体组分别饲喂添加pNZ8112-PLFcin/Ef （6×10¹² CFU/kg）和pNZ8112/Ef （6×10¹² CFU/kg）的基础日粮，而培养基组饲喂含有相同体积的GM17液体培养基的基础日粮。试验期26 d。结果显示，与培养基组相比，重组屎肠球菌组断奶仔猪的平均日增重极显著提高（P<0.01）；料重比显著降低（P<0.05）；腹泻率明显降低，肠道菌群的均匀度和多样性指数均下降。为进一步探究表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌对断奶仔猪抵抗ETEC感染的保护作用，在连续饲喂21 d后，每个重复中随机挑选1头体况相近的断奶仔猪灌服ETEC。结果发现，与培养基组相比，攻菌后重组屎肠球菌组断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）含量、肠黏液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）水平均显著升高（P<0.05）；脾脏指数显著提高（P<0.05），但胸腺指数、肠段长度及重量则均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，表达猪乳铁蛋白肽的重组屎肠球菌能够起到促进断奶仔猪生长及抗ETEC感染的保护作用。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联技术构建产肠毒素大肠杆菌LT敲除菌株

本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联的技术对产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli，ETEC）K88的热不稳定性肠毒素（heat-labile toxin，LT）基因进行无痕敲除并获得K88 LT^-缺陷菌株。通过序列比对获取LT两端同源序列，并构建包含LT边界、氯霉素筛选标记、sgRNA和LT同源臂的供体片段；将供体片段转化至ETEC K88，同时分别利用λ-Red同源重组系统和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统，对LT基因进行敲除；通过PCR验证获得了K88 LT^-缺陷菌株，并通过试验测定了敲除菌株的溶血能力和生长曲线。结果显示，λ-Red同源重组系统可成功地将LT基因替换为相应的供体片段，CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可高效地对筛选标记进行删除，最终通过λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9结合的基因编辑系统可成功对ETEC K88的LT基因进行无痕敲除。体外试验结果表明，K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的溶血能力丧失，并且生长速度比野生型菌株减缓，LT可能和ETEC K88的致病能力和生长性能有关。表明λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9级联的基因敲除方法可用于LT毒素基因及其他一些大肠杆菌基因的敲除。K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的构建为下一步研究LT毒素的致病机制奠定基础。     

仔猪断奶腹泻大肠杆菌鉴定及其血清型分析

从浙江省规模化猪场采集仔猪断奶腹泻病料,经细菌分离纯化、G染色、生化试验和小鼠致病性试验等,鉴定得到56株病原性大肠杆菌。通过11种主要致病性大肠埃希氏菌O抗原的血清型鉴定,56株致病性大肠杆菌中定型了33株,共覆盖了11种血清型,其中O149、O139、O8为优势血清型,共17株,占定型菌株的51.52%。通过棉籽糖发酵试验、甘露糖血凝抵抗试验(MRHA)和血凝抑制试验(MRHI),确定37株为K88,占66.07%(其中K88ab有8株,占K88菌株的21.62%),其余的未能定型。这些血清型与已报道的常见血清型间存在一定差异。     

A pig–human comparative RH map comprising 20 genes on pig chromosome 13q41 that harbours the ETEC F4ac receptor locus

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major cause of diarrhoea in newborn and young pigs. The locus for the intestinal ETEC F4ac receptor (F4acR) has been mapped to pig chromosome (SSC) 13q41 with known homology to human chromosome (HSA) 3q21 and q29. However, the causative gene and mutation(s) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize gene-derived markers on SSC13q41 for fine mapping of the F4acR locus, and construct a high-resolution pig–human comparative map to select positional candidate genes for F4acR. Pig-specific sequence-tagged site markers were developed for 20 genes that are located in a 6.8-Mb region on HSA3q21 and q29, and a total of 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 14 of 20 markers developed. Eighteen markers were mapped to SSC13q41, while the other two markers ( PLXNA1 and KLF15 ) were assigned to SSC13q32 and SSC7q13, respectively, by radiation hybrid mapping. This result showed that there was a small conserved segment on SSC7 corresponding to HSA3q21. A framework map comprising 18 markers on SSC13q41 was established, refining the synteny breakpoint on SSC13q41 to a region of 12.3 centiRay. The comparative radiation hybrid (RH) map revealed three interesting candidate genes for F4acR from the human genome, viz. MUC4 , MUC13 and MUC20 . Linkage analysis with six marker polymorphisms revealed that MUC4 had the most significant linkage with the F4acR locus.     

Molecular screening and risk factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt

The aim of the present study was to carry out molecular epidemiological investigation on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99 and Salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves. Fecal samples were obtained from 220 diarrheic calves at 9 farms related to four governorates in central and northern Egypt. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for E. coli K99 and Salmonella spp. using PCR. ETEC K99 was recovered from 20 (10.36 %) out of 193 isolates, whereas Salmonella spp. was recovered from nine calves (4.09%).Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with both infections. ETEC K99 was significantly affected by age (P < 0.01; OR: 1.812; CI 95%: 0.566–1.769), colostrum feeding practice (P < 0.01; OR: 5.525; CI 95%: 2.025–15.076), rotavirus infection (P < 0.001; OR: 2.220; CI 95%: 0.273–1.251), vaccination of pregnant dams with combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and E. coli (K99) (P < 0.001; OR: 4.753; CI 95%: 2.124–10.641), and vitamin E and selenium administration to the pregnant dam (P < 0.01; OR: 3.933; CI 95%: 0.703–1.248).Infection with Salmonella spp. was found to be significantly affected by the animal age (P < 0.05; OR: 0.376; CI 95%: 0.511–1.369), Hygiene (P < 0.05; OR: 0.628; CI 95%: 1.729–5.612), and region (P < 0. 01; OR: 0.970; CI 95%: 0.841–1.624).The results of the present study indicate the importance of PCR as rapid, effective and reliable tool for screening of ETEC and Salmonella spp. when confronted with cases of undifferentiated calf diarrhea. Moreover, identification of the risk factors associated with the spreading of bacteria causing diarrhea may be helpful for construction of suitable methods for prevention and control.     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌K88黏附素蛋白亚基Fae G在L.lactis中的表达及其抗原性

在构建L.lactis表达载体pNZ8148-fae G的基础上,将该载体转化到L.lactis NZ9000中,重组菌经5 μg/Lnisin诱导3 h,SDS-PAGE结果显示,FaeG在L.lactis中表达的目的蛋白相对分子质量大小约为27 000,表达产物的量达菌体可溶性总蛋白的10.89%.Western blot分析结果表明,该目的蛋白具有良好反应原性.将重组L.lactis口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,小鼠产生特异性IgG及黏膜slgA.本试验为进一步研究仔猪口服重组L.lactis疫苗,诱导其产生抗ETEC K88黏膜免疫的同时,发挥L.lactis的益生功能,预防仔猪腹泻奠定了基础.     

陕西省致仔猪腹泻ETEC的分子流行病学调查

【目的】对陕西省致仔猪腹泻产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)的肠毒素及黏附素进行分子流行病学调查。【方法】采集陕西省陕北(子洲、甘泉)、陕南(汉中、城固)和关中(杨凌、西安、户县)3个地区7个大型养猪场1～50日龄腹泻仔猪的粪便样品,进行大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定。采用普通和多重PCR方法,检测已知能表达毒素的大肠埃希菌标准菌株,以验证试验方法的可行性;采用多重PCR方法,对分离自陕西省腹泻仔猪粪便样品中的大肠埃希菌进行肠毒素(STa、STb、LT)和黏附素(K88、K99、987P、F41)检测。【结果】试验共分离鉴定出104株大肠埃希菌,其中表达肠毒素的菌株有45株,STa、STb、LT和STa+LT阳性的菌株数量分别为28,5,8和4株;表达黏附素的共31株,K88、K99、987P和K88+987P阳性的菌株分别为4,22,2和3株。在被检测的样品中,同时表达肠毒素和黏附素的大肠埃希菌有14株;陕南地区仅检测出STa肠毒素和K99黏附素,陕北地区较复杂,各毒素类型均有出现。在1～7日龄,致仔猪腹泻大肠埃希菌表达的毒素主要是K99和STa;到20～30日龄时,各种毒素均有不同程度检出。【结论】陕西省致仔猪腹泻ETEC表达的肠毒素主要是STa,表达的黏附素主要是K99;毒力因子的分布与区域和仔猪日龄有密切关系。     

Differential Expression Analysis of MUC4 and MUC13 Genes Between Resistant and Sensitive Weaned Meishan Piglets to ETEC F18

MUC4 and MUC13 genes as important candidate genes for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) F4 resistance,may play an important role in the process of against ETEC F18 infection in weaned piglets. In this study,ETEC F18-resistant and -sensitive weaned Meishan piglets were used,and the expression levels of MUC4 and MUC13 genes in 11 tissues (heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,muscle,thymus,lymph nodes,duodenum and jejunum) were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that MUC4 and MUC13 genes were broadly expressed with different expression levels in all the 11 tissues. In the thymus and lymph tissues,the expression of MUC4 gene in resistant piglets was significantly higher than that in sensitive piglets (P<0.05);In the lung tissue,theMUC13 gene expression level in resistant individuals was significantly higher than that in sensitive individuals (P<0.05),and in the intestinal tissues of duodenum and jejunum, the expression level of MUC13 gene was relatively higher in resistant individuals. Thus we speculated that the high expression of MUC4 gene in immune tissues and MUC13 gene in intestinal tissues might improve the immune ability of piglets,protect and lubricate the intestinal tract, and resist ETEC F18 infection.     

产肠毒素大肠埃希茵主要黏附素的研究进展

产肠毒素大肠埃希茵的主要黏附素抗原有K88、K99、987P和F41，在发病学和免疫学上扮演着重要的作用。文章就其理化特性、生物学特性、分子生物学特性及主要检测方法进行综述。     

ETEC菌毛蛋白K99抗体PPA-ELISA检测 方法的建立及初步应用

以纯化的大肠埃希菌K99菌毛蛋白为包被抗原,建立检测大肠埃希氏菌K99 Ig G抗体的间接ELISA方法。确定间接ELISA的最适反应条件,即抗原包被的ELISA板4℃过夜,最适抗原包被浓度为4.94μg·m L-1,兔抗体稀释倍数为1:50,猪抗体稀释倍数为1:200,确定最佳封闭液为100 g·L-1脱脂奶粉,最佳封闭时间为0.5 h,血清反应时间为1 h,二抗最适浓度梯度为1:2000,反应时间为37℃0.5 h,底物室温反应时间为37℃10 min,阴阳性临界值兔血清为0.25、猪血清为0.35。试验证实该间接PPA-ELISA方法的特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,可以为疫苗效力检验和流行病学调查提供参考方法。