四个香菇品种的对比试验及DUS测试

[目的]针对4个香菇主栽品种进行品比试验,筛选出适宜品种。[方法]通对过韩香1号、釜山1号、香菇VED与L808等4个香菇品种间的对比试验和DUS测试,获取各品种菌丝生长速度和性状特征的差异,并对其产量进行比较。[结果]香菇VED菌丝生长速度最快,釜山1号菌丝生长速度最慢;品种间性状对比DUS测试结果,釜山1号同L8082个品种的母种菌丝生活力差异较大,但其子实体各性状指标均比较接近;前三潮菇产量对比试验,L808品种产量最高。[结论]可为香菇的工厂化生产提供参考依据。     

Over 40% of 450 registered wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) worldwide are composed of multiple biotypes

Many of 450 common wheat cultivars bred and registered during the twentieth century in 12 countries were proved, due to seed-by-seed analysis, to be composed of two or more biotypes differing in their alleles at the gliadin (Gli) loci. These multiple biotypes may be regarded as authentic progeny of the respective parent lines, as evidenced by the gliadin composition of the respective parents. Therefore, the official claim for each cultivar to be uniform is commonly not maintained in practice. The most frequent was a non-uniform cultivar composed of two biotypes differing at one Gli locus, but there were cultivars represented by a large set of related genotypes differing at several Gli loci. The proportion of the multi-biotype cultivars was never less than 15% for a country collection, exceeding 50% in other countries. This proportion differed significantly between neighbouring countries. In Australia, all multi-biotype cultivars were found in eastern states; in the state of Victoria, their frequency was statistically higher than in the rest of the country. The proportion of multi-biotype cultivars among newly-released cultivars decreased with time in Australia and the UK. Thus, the non-uniformity of registered cultivars represents a general and important phenomenon of common wheat as a crop.     

Advances in DUS Test Technique for Coconut

As great progress has been made in the field of protection of new plant varieties, more attention is paid to the standardization of DUS （Distinctness, Unifor- mity, and Stability） test procedure. For further studies of tropical plants as their im- portance in agriculture and germplasm, protection of coconut becomes more signifi- cant and thus DUS test technique of coconut is needed. In this essay, we analyzed the status quo of the DUS test guidelines by International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants （UPOV proj.3） and national DUS test guidelines in Chi- na, and provided some suggestions or promotions for improving the guidelines of DUS test in coconut.     

中国农业植物新品种保护与DUS测试技术发展现状

作为农业知识产权体系中一项重要内容,植物新品种权发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了国内外植物新品种保护的发展历程以及中国农业植物新品种保护和DUS测试技术发展现状和存在的问题。     

木瓜属植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试指南的研制

遵循国际植物新品种保护联盟及我国的相关规定,分析木瓜属植物品种的性状变异规律及其稳定性和相关性(DUS),探讨标准品种和测试性状的选择。筛选31个测试性状和12个标准品种用于新品种DUS测试;其中,质量性状10个、数量性状6个、假质量性状15个,*号性状24个、非*号性状7个,每个性状的表达状态给以相应的代码。*号性状主要有株型、花色、花径、重瓣性、果实形状及果皮皱缩状况等。提出木瓜属植物新品种的特异性、一致性、稳定性判别标准。     

棉花DUS测试标准品种的SSR指纹数据库构建

基于SSR核心引物,采用荧光毛细管电泳检测系统与多重PCR技术相结合,构建我国棉花DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试标准品种的DNA指纹数据库并进行遗传多样性分析。依据多重PCR组合的基本原则与五色荧光检测系统的特点,采用40对核心引物构建了10个4重PCR组合,利用DNA遗传分析仪进行指纹检测与数据采集。40对荧光引物在30份DUS测试标准品种中共扩增产生146个等位变异,每对引物的等位变异数为2~7个不等,平均每对引物产生3.65个等位变异。海7124与陆地棉品种明显划分为2类,来源于新疆的新陆早1号区别于其他陆地棉品种,单独聚为1类。多色荧光检测系统相比常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳具有高精度、高通量、自动化程度高的优点,尤其适用于大规模指纹数据库的构建,提出了通过构建已知品种DNA指纹数据库,将分子标记技术应用于棉花DUS测试的初步设想。     

利用SSR标记进行玉米品种一致性检测研究

为了评估SSR标记在玉米品种一致性鉴定中的应用价值及确定基于SSR标记的玉米一致性鉴定标准,利用13个SSR标记对213份来自2004年国家区域试验的玉米单交种(包括16份重复材料)进行了一致性分析,每个品种取20个个体,除在染色体6和8上各选取了2个和3个标记外,其他染色体上均各选取1个SSR标记.结果显示:一致性检测中异型带的类型有7种,每种出现的概率不同;不同品种在不同引物位点的一致性分布情况差别较大.比较位于同一染色体的引物一致性检测结果,发现在相同染色体上位置较近的不同引物一致性检测结果具有较高的相关性,因此提出在选用一致性检测的引物时应遵循均匀分布的原则,减少引物间的相关性.通过剔除自交个体对品种一致性比率进行校正(仅有7个品种),校正值可反映品种真实的遗传一致性和稳定性.综合考虑品种在单个引物位点的一致性和在所有位点的平均一致性,提出了划分玉米品种一致性级别的标准.     

Suitability of mapped sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for establishing distinctness, uniformity and stability in aromatic rice

At present, testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of crop varieties relies on a set of morphological characters. These characters suffer fromthe limitations of number, interaction with the environment in which the variety grows and subjectivity in decision-making. The potential of DNA-based markers such as sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), for establishing DUS merits investigation. In the present study, a set of 55 mapped STMS markers, selected from 12 linkage groups of rice genome, was used to examine distinctness of 23 aromatic rice genotypes including the commercially important Basmati varieties. Forty-one of these markers (74.5%) showed polymorphism between the varieties. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2–4 with an average of 2.3. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.083 to 0.665 with an average of 0.338. All the varieties could be differentiated from each other at a low probability (0.07×10^-13) of identical match by chance. The marker-based clustering of the varieties corresponded with the known phenotypic classification, thereby providing confidence in the distinctness established by the mapped STMS markers. The utility of these markers to study uniformity and stability was analysed using a commercially important crossbred Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1(IET-10364) that contributes about 40–50% of Basmati rice export from India. Genotyping of twenty individual plants, grown from the nucleus, breeder, foundation, certified and farmer's saved seed samples using all the 55 markers revealed no variation among the plants. These observations suggested that the set of mapped markers employed in this study could be further used for establishing distinctness of aromatic rice varieties and for studying DUS of the important commercial variety Pusa Basmati 1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

2真实齿面对应点的求解算法

针对真实齿面数学模型为自由型参数化隐式递推公式，不易于用一般方法进行迭代求解的问题，提出了将求2齿面对应点问题转换成求直线与齿面交点的王角形判断法，并进一步提出运用三角形减半法确定真实齿面精确对应点的迭代初值，得到了一种稳定、可靠、精度高且运算速度较快的求解算法。     

阜康市红山水库溢洪道工程混凝土的质量控制

阜康市红山水库溢洪道工程混凝土施工中采取了一些切实可行的质量控制措施，使工程混凝土总体质量达到优良等级。