Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

农村居民对乡风文明建设的认知及其影响因素分析——以江苏省为例

在对江苏地区6个文明村调查的基础上,呈现了农村居民对乡风文明建设在重要性和内容上的认知水平,并探讨了个人因素、建设活动的开展情况以及政府相关制度的落实情况对于农村居民乡风文明建设认知的影响,由此得出相关的建议,认为需要因人制宜,从多方面提高农村居民的认知水平,开展丰富活动,切实有效的落实相关政策。     

大学生食品添加剂安全性认知研究

为了解食品添加剂及其安全性和可接受性,以及大学生对食品添加剂安全性的认知,为其今后发展提供相关理论和知识指导.调查结果显示,人们对于食品添加剂的安全意识还需加强,政府监管力度也需落实到位,同时也提出如何加强食品添加剂安全措施的建议.     

不同群体对河北省农业高新技术发展的认知

依据专家咨询法获得的调查资料 ,分类统计了农业高新技术管理、研究和成果转化 3个专家群体对河北省农业高新技术发展的认知。分析结果表明 :3个专家群体对河北省农业高新技术发展的总体认识基本一致 ,但对某些具体问题的认知则存在着一定差异 ;同时 ,也反映出河北省农业科研人员对发展农产品精深加工方面的高新技术研究重视不够。     

西安市公众对转基因食品接受度的调查分析

为了了解西安市公众对转基因食品的认知度、接受度、态度以及期望和建议,分析当前转基因技术发展的形势以及现状,对当地不同区域的人群随机发放调查问卷进行了调研.调查结果表明:当地消费者对转基因食品的认知度普遍较低;对转基因食品相关标识的关注力度较低;对转基因态度以及评价主要受到网络等新媒体的相关报道的影响.在调查分析的基础上提出了加大转基因技术及其产品的科普宣传力度、提高公众对转基因食品的科学认知等对策建议.     

转基因技术影响的知与行:基于农民的调查

通过对山西、天津、湖南、河南4地的调查,浅析转基因技术在农业方面的应用及其利与弊,通过田野调查,了解农民对转基因技术的了解状况和对转基因产品的接纳和包容程度。调查得知,农民由于传统思想、获取信息的能力、接受的教育程度以及政府相关工作等的影响,对转基因的认知程度和态度各不相同。政府应采取加强基础设施建设,加强有关转基因技术和转基因作物的宣传,加派相关技术和指导人员,积极研发自主品牌等措施,消除农民的"恐惧"。     

红树林自然保护区社区居民对滨海生态旅游开发认知的研究

调查了山口红树林自然保护区周边社区居民对滨海生态旅游开发的认知情况。结果显示,社区居民对生态旅游开发认知集中在旅游开发意愿认知、旅游开发外部因素感知、旅游影响感知、旅游者认知、旅游开发认知、环境效益认知6个方面。社区居民的认知集中反映出自然保护区生态旅游开发如何成为对社区居民负责任的旅游和如何增加社区居民生态旅游参与2大问题。并从保护区管理处职能定位、全方位提供旅游开发支持措施、搭建社区居民旅游参与平台等方面提出了自然保护区生态旅游开发的建议。     

关于食品安全问题的研究综述

食品安全问题是人们普遍关心的重大问题,关系到社会经济的稳定发展。在国内外学者广泛研究的基础上,笔者主要从食品安全问题的认识过程、影响食品安全的因素、食品安全的消费者行为(包括认知、支付意愿和信息的影响)、食品安全的生产者行为以及食品安全的政府管理5个方面出发,对食品安全问题的研究进行回顾,总结并指出已有研究存在的不足,希望能够深化人们对食品安全问题的认识,对专家学者进一步研究食品安全问题有所借鉴。     

消费者对乡村旅游的认知和态度调查

随着我国农村经济体制改革的不断深入,农村经济逐步转向多元化发展。乡村旅游作为农村经济的创收点,具有较大的开发潜力和应用空间。因此,作关于消费者对乡村旅游的认知和态度调查,有利于了解当前乡村旅游发展现状,分析乡村旅游发展趋势,为进一步研究乡村旅游提供详实的参考资料。立足于详实的第一手资料,以消费者市场为切入点,系统分类、科学分析,全方位掌握乡村旅游市场信息,对乡村旅游市场的营销者、区域管理者以及政府决策者有着重要的参考价值。