The effectiveness of consistent roguing in managing banana bunchy top disease in smallholder production in Africa

The removal of infected individuals is a common practice in the management of plant disease outbreaks. It minimizes the contact between healthy individuals and inoculum sources by reducing the infectious window of contaminated individuals. This requires early detection and consistent removal at landscape scale. Roguing of mats with symptoms of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in Cavendish banana production systems has been tested in Australia, using trained personnel, but has never been tested in smallholder systems. We studied the effectiveness of long-term consistent roguing in prolonging the productivity of banana orchards under smallholder farming systems in highland banana and plantain dominated production systems in Africa. We assessed the possibility of low-risk seed sourcing from the managed plots. Roguing reduced BBTD incidence to 2% in managed farmer fields and to 10% in experimental field plots, while a nonmanaged field eventually collapsed in the same period. With roguing, new infections decreased monthly compared to an exponential increase in a nonmanaged field. The emergence of new infections in both managed and nonmanaged farms followed a seasonal cycle. BBTD managed plots were a source of low-risk seed for replacing the rogued mats in the same fields, but perhaps not safe for use in nonendemic areas. We conclude that it is possible for smallholder farmers to recover and maintain banana productivity with rigorous roguing, which would entail early identification of symptoms and early removal of diseased mats. Studies are needed on the intensity of roguing under different disease and production conditions.     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

基于高端贯通培养项目的理科教学模式研究

高端贯通培养项目是北京市职业教育改革的一个重大项目。为了使项目有效实施和稳步推进，该项目结合不同的教学内容，从高端贯通培养项目学生的学习现状和教学问题出发，针对性提出了适应高端贯通项目学生基础文化课的三种理科教学模式:五环探索教学模式、师生双主体互动教学模式和学生为中心的分享学习教学模式，并详细阐述这三种教学模式的设计与实施方法，以期有效提高高端贯通培养项目的理科课堂教学效率，丰富和发展理科教学理论与实践。     

辽宁省科技特派行动高端人才支撑体系存在的问题和完善措施

高端人才的缺乏以及人才素质问题已经成为制约辽宁科技特派行动的主要因素。分析科技特派行动高端人才支撑体系在运行机制、体系构建及内外部协调等方面存在的问题,提出具体的完善措施。     

麻池背油松天然林林分生长结构的研究

依据历年调查资料,对麻池背油松天然林的林分生长结构进行了研究.该林分的植物种类丰富;直径、树高、林龄等林分结构呈正态分布、近似正态分布和多峰状分布;近熟林的林分蓄积生长率为0.82%,材积生长量69年生时连年生长量仍大于平均生长量.由于林分密度过大,油松形状比值偏高,林木自然稀疏强烈,枯损率达32.7%,其中小径木占86.3%,病虫害感染枯死木占29.4%.油松天然更新不良,辽东栎不能成为更新树种,林下有青木杄、落叶松幼树分布.     

板栗高接试验研究

以8年生板栗实生树,采用武夷山的魁栗品种为接穗,在福建南平市延平区太平镇进行板栗的高接研究,945个接穗研究表明,砧木0～5cm粗,芽萌动后,采用插皮接,成活率最高。     

切根、截顶对湿地松裸根苗生长调控效果的研究

在江西景德镇和安徽泾县布置了１年生湿地松裸根苗生长后期切和截顶试验，研究其对苗木形态和造林表现的效应及其例题应用制度。两年的结果表明，切根苗的高、径及主根形态指标均低于未切根苗，而侧须根系增加，早切根多次切根处理效应最显著。     

香蕉束顶病毒基因组和编码蛋白的研究进展

香蕉束顶病毒是一直径约为18～20nm的等轴病毒粒子，基因组至少由6个组分组成。它们有3个共同区域：开放阅读框架、主要共同区和颈环共同区。这些组分编码的蛋白为：BBTV DNA—1编码了复制起始蛋白；BBTV DNA—2和BBTV DNA—6编码的蛋白功能未定；BBTV DNA—3编码病毒的外壳蛋白；BBTV DNA—4编码运动蛋白；BBTV DNA—5编码类成视网膜细胞瘤结合蛋白。     

嫁接方法对银杏丰产的影响研究

银杏因结果晚而俗称"公孙树",通过嫁接可提早结果。为探索不同的嫁接方法对银杏丰产的影响,对定植9 a的实生银杏树进行高接换冠,选用不同的接穗和嫁接方法进行试验,嫁接后第5年和第8年测定产量和树冠偏冠度。对单株产量和偏冠性进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明:2a生和3 a生枝条高枝接换冠既能保证早期产量,又能解决银杏偏冠问题,后期丰产优势明显,可延长盛产期限。     

柑橘高接换种适宜嫁接部位探讨

以温州蜜柑为中间砧,对高林温州蜜柑、太田椪柑进行不同部位高接的适宜性研究.结果表明,不同部位高接对成活率的影响无显著性差异,但树冠的恢复程度与嫁接部位的高低成正比,即高接部位越高,树冠恢复越快;含糖量和糖酸比以腹接最高,侧枝次之;外观以腹接、侧枝高接为好,副主枝高接次之,主枝高接最差.柑桔高接最高高度应控制在1.0 ～ 1.3m,早投产,树冠恢复快,果实品质好,以侧枝高接,腹接为好,侧枝高接易引起内膛空虚,可采取内膛腹接弥补.