异色瓢虫对菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜捕食的作用

异色瓢虫是一种重要的捕食性天敌,可捕食多种蚜虫,在生物防治中具有很大应用前景。研究了异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫(即菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜)的捕食功能反应。结果表明：异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫的日捕食量中,其中四龄幼虫最大,成虫和三龄幼虫次之,1、2龄幼虫最小。捕食者对猎物的功能反应均属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程。     

中国甲腹茧蜂属台湾甲腹茧蜂的记述

对中国甲腹茧蜂属Chelonus Panzer台湾甲腹茧蜂Chelonus formosanus Sonan,的形态特征、生物学、分布、寄主进行了记述。其标本保存于海南省农业科学院农业环境与植物保护研究所。     

异色瓢虫对菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜捕食的作用

异色瓢虫是一种重要的捕食性天敌,可捕食多种蚜虫,在生物防治中具有很大应用前景。研究了异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫(即菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜)的捕食功能反应。结果表明:异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫的日捕食量中,其中四龄幼虫最大,成虫和三龄幼虫次之,1、2龄幼虫最小。捕食者对猎物的功能反应均属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程。     

上海地区月季叶蜂生物学特性及其防治

2001～2002年研究了上海地区月季叶蜂的生物学特性,该虫1年发生3代,以幼虫结茧入土越冬,1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫平均头壳分别为0.68±0.05mm、1.37±0.14mm、1.67±0.16mm、2.13±0.16mm。幼虫期总食叶量为2048.9mm2。雌雄性比为1.32:1。初孵幼虫耐饥力平均为1.93±0.92d。室内药剂防治试验结果表明,幼虫取食30%乙酰甲胺磷4000倍喷雾叶后2d死亡率达92.6%,取食40%氧乐果4000倍喷雾叶后2d后死亡率达96.2%;喷雾1000倍25%悬浮剂灭幼脲3号,4d后效果逐渐显现,校正死亡率为91.60%。     

Laboratory rearing of the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on a newly recorded factitious host Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is recorded as a new factitious host for the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). A short biology and rearing method of the parasitoid on the new host were studied at 30±1°C, 60–70% relative humidity, with a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D). Chelonus eclosed from 74.60% of parasitized hosts. No significant difference was found between development times of male and female parasitoids. Development of the parasitoid was completed in 28.14±0.47 days in male, and 28.87±0.58 days in female. However, a significant difference was found between adult sizes of male and female parasitoids. Adult dry mass was found 0.88±0.04 mg in male, and 1.99±0.11 mg in female. In addition, C. oculator was successfully reared from P. interpunctella in twenty generations with the explained method. Significant knowledge about biology of C. oculator is still lacking. However, the parasitoid can be candidate for future research as a biological control agent against some important lepidopteran pests, and P. interpunctella may be suitable factitious host for mass rearing of C. oculator.     

Effect of host diet on the development of the solitary egg-larval parasitoidChelonus oculator in superparasitizedEphestia kuehniella

Effect of host diet on the development time, mortality and adult size of the solitary koinobiont egg-larval parasitoidChelonus oculator (Panzer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was examined in superparasitizedEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The experiment at a tritrophic level was conducted at 25±1°C, 60–70% relative humidity. Eggs ofE. kuehniella were parasitized one, two and three times by the parasitoid, and the hosts containing different numbers of parasitoid eggs were reared in two different host diets. As host diets, a 2:1 mixture of wheat flour and rough wheat bran (HD1) and a 2:1:0.25:0.50:0.25:0.25 mixture of rough wheat bran, corn flour, dry yeast, honey, milk powder, glycerin (HD2) were used. Unlike in the HD1 treatment, development times of the parasitoid were significantly affected by the number of eggs per host in the HD2 treatment. In addition, all development times of the parasitoid in the HD2 treatment were found to be significantly shorter than those of the parasitoid in the HD1 treatment. The mortality of the parasitoid was similar on both host diets, regardless of the number of eggs per host. However, superparasitism decreased the parasitoid eclosion in both host diet treatments. As well as mortality, when the size of the adult parasitoid was not affected by the host diet differences with the same number of eggs per host, superparasitism significantly decreased the size of the parasitoid in both host diet treatments. The findings of this investigation confirm that there is a significant interaction between host diet and the third trophic level, the parasitoid. Thus, effects of host diets at tritrophic levels should be incorporated into models of superparasitism. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 22, 2006.     

异色瓢虫显明变种对白杨毛蚜和白毛蚜选择效应研究

[目的]探究异色瓢虫显明变种对杨树主要蚜虫白杨毛蚜和白毛蚜的捕食选择趋性。[方法]在实验室条件下,在特定空间内,测定异色瓢虫显明变种对2种蚜虫不同密度值下的捕食量。[结果]白杨毛蚜和白毛蚜种群数量同步增加时,EG-S值和EJ值变化为＋1～0,EI值是在0～-1范围内依次减少,且数值变化幅度较少,表明异色瓢虫显明变种喜好捕食白毛蚜略高于白杨毛蚜;当白杨毛蚜数量不变、白毛蚜数量增加时,EG-S值和EJ值变化为＋1～∞,EI值在0～＋1范围内依次增加,表明异色瓢虫显明变种明显喜好捕食白毛蚜;当白毛蚜数量不变、白杨毛蚜数量增加时,EG-S值和EJ值变化为在＋1～0范围内依次减少,EI值在0～-1范围内依次增加,表明异色瓢虫显明变种明显喜好捕食白杨毛蚜。捕食量结果同选择指数。[结论]异色瓢虫显现变种白杨毛蚜和白毛蚜的捕食选择趋性取决于2种蚜虫的种群数量。     

虎斑多粒象—中国新记录

本文报道了一种为害甜菜的象甲—虎斑多粒象(Cyphocleonus tigrinusPanzer),此种为我国首次记录。     

麦黑斑潜叶蝇幼虫和蛹在麦田的空间分布特性

麦黑斑潜叶蝇近年在麦田有危害加重的趋势,为进一步了解其生态习性,确定正确的田间抽样调查方法,作者于麦黑斑潜叶蝇为害盛期调查了其幼虫和蛹在8个品种麦田的种群密度,并采用聚集度指标法、Taylor幂法则和m^*-m回归法测定了幼虫和蛹在麦田的空间分布型。结果表明,幼虫和蛹在徐州26号的麦田种群密度最大,济南17号的麦田种群密度最小;5月初麦黑斑潜叶蝇幼虫和蛹在麦田呈均匀分布。     

温度对红铃虫甲腹茧蜂生长发育与繁殖的影响

在实验室条件下，以红铃虫甲腹茧蜂Chelonu spectinophorae Cushman为研究对象，研究了不同温度条件对其生长发育的影响，明确了各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明：红铃虫甲腹茧蜂从卵至幼虫期的发育起点温度为11.8℃，有效积温为276.1日·度；蛹期的发育起点温度为13.8℃，有效积温为119.9日·度。在20~36℃范围内，红铃虫甲腹茧蜂卵-幼虫历期、蛹重、化蛹率、羽化率等各生命参数均是随温度的变化表现为先升后降，其在28℃时的历期最短、蛹重最重，化蛹率、羽化率及繁殖力等最高，由此可以推断出其最适温度为28℃。本文为红铃虫甲腹茧蜂的大规模工厂化繁育和田间生物防治应用提供了科学依据。