Molecular investigation on the presence of canine parvovirus in Egypt

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious gastroenteritis disease of dogs and wild canids. To investigate the CPV-2 prevalence in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 50 fecal swabs were collected from suspected diseased dogs during 2016–2017. Out of 50 collected samples, 35 samples (70 %) presented positive results for CPV-2 using immuno-chromatography (IC) as a rapid test. CPV-2DNA was detected in 42 samples (84 %) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of CPV-2 were significantly higher in German shepherd breed (46 %; 23/50) and in age groups less than 6 months (76%; 38/50). We evaluated the breed, age, sex, rapid test results and clinical signs as predictors for classification of animal status into infected and not infected. The best predictors for classification process were rapid test result and clinical signs. Both CPV-2b and CPV-2c subtypes were detected by CPV2-VP2 gene sequences analysis. Deduced amino acid sequences alignment showed substitutions at 3 sites (Arg453Pro, Ala574Glu and Gln457Leu). Further investigations are needed to reveal the genetic and antigenic relation between field and vaccinal strains of CPV-2 in Egypt.     

茶树植保机械及减量施药技术研究进展

农药防治是茶树病虫害综合防治的重要组成部分,其在病虫害突发或爆发时具有快速高效的防治优势。茶树叶片表面具有亲水性,常量施药会造成茶叶农残超标、生态环境破坏等问题,实现茶树减量施药是减少茶叶农残的有效手段。系统综述了茶树生物特性、茶树病虫害预测诊断及防治方法、茶树植保机械及施药技术,强调提高茶树低容量喷雾的农药有效利用率是实现茶树减量施药的关键。针对目前茶园地面工况复杂及农药利用率低的问题,本文从低容量仿形喷雾机、茶树病虫害喷雾决策及智能终端等六个方面提出茶树病虫害施药技术及装备的研究建议,指出低量化、精准化及智能化是未来茶树植保喷雾机械及施药技术的发展方向。     

环境友好型农药喷施机械研究进展与展望

在农林病虫害防治中,化学方法仍占主导地位,化学农药施用不当会引起农药浪费、环境污染和农药残留等问题。为此,本文阐述了国内外对农药雾化、在线混药、可变量控制、仿形喷雾、雾滴飘移控制、静电喷雾、智能对靶喷雾集成等关键技术的研究概况;综述了防飘移喷雾机、仿形喷雾机、喷杆喷雾机、杂草防除机械、果园喷雾机、智能喷雾机等6类典型地面植保机械的发展概况,以及包括植保无人机及其关键部件在内的典型航空植保机械的研究发展水平;提出了环境友好型农药喷施机械"绿色环保、精确高效"的研究理念,以及开展植保机器人与专用植保机械(植保机器人及其阵列、专用植保机械)研发、航空施药机具与植保无人机研究、智能物联农药喷雾系统(病虫草害靶标智能监测识别与防治预警系统、无线物联智能植保信息传输系统、立体智能协同农药喷雾系统)研究和植保机械关键技术(新型喷头及在线混药、智能化载运平台)研究等总体发展建议。     

护林防火技术在森林资源保护中的应用

合理运用护林防火技术可以提升森林资源保护工作的整体质量,推动林业不断发展。本文分析了森林火灾发生的原因,总结了护林防火技术,提出了相关应用对策,以期为减少森林火灾的发生和保护森林资源提供参考。     

Plant protection means used in organic farming throughout the European Union

Following the obligatory implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union (EU), the plant protection means suitable for application in organic agriculture attracted the attention of quite a wide group of potential users. In spite of the common rules of organic production, as well as the uniform principles of placing plant protection products on the market, the availability of products that can be legally used in organic crop protection differs significantly among the Member States. There is a uniform list of 10 basic substances that can be used in the protection of organic crops throughout the entire EU. Twelve Member States have official registers of plant protection products for use in organic agriculture, and the total number of qualified products per country varies from 11 in Lithuania to 576 in Italy. Some products that improve plant vigour or resistance and may be of use in protection of organic crops are placed on the market as biostimulants. They fall under the law that governs fertilisers and the systems of their registration vary widely among the Member States. In addition, there exist a number of products that have been legally introduced onto the markets of some Member States without registration as a consequence of a loophole in the law. The use of unregistered products in organic agriculture raises some doubts, but currently it seems that there is no legal basis on which to explicitly prohibit the practice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林现状分析与类型划分

[目的]依据黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林的现状,探讨其成因机理并进行类型划分,为黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林恢复及重建提供理论依据和技术支撑,完善现有盐碱地防护林体系建设。[方法]通过全面、深入的调查,结合已有的研究成果,分析黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林的成因机理;依据低效林的立地条件、生长特点和形成原因等因素,划分其主要类型并探讨每种类型的改造技术。[结果]黄河三角洲地区现有盐碱地防护林由于受自然诱发因素和非自然因素及其共同作用的影响,有相当一部分林分形成了低效林;低效林可划分为6种主要类型,针对每种类型的低效林改造,应采取不同的技术方式和方法。[结论]低效林改造技术涉及低效林成因分析、类型划分和改造方式选择等一系列环节,在实施低效林改造的实践中应把握好每一环节,因地(林)制宜进行实施;针对黄河三角洲地区盐碱地防护林是生态公益林的实际,亦应处理好技术与政策的关系。     

围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。