The addition of lysolecithin to broiler diets improves growth performance across fat levels and sources: a meta-analysis of 33 trials

ABSTRACT

1. This study aimed to quantify the effect of fat type (including unsaturated to saturated ratio (U:S)) and increasing doses of lysolecithin-based products on nutrient availability and growth performance in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 33 separate experimental reports were collated according to predetermined selection criteria to provide 16 performance trials with ‘on top’ application, and 17 performance trials using reformulated diets, where the contribution of the lysolecithin was taken into account. Data on average daily gain (ADG) and body weight corrected FCR (FCRc) were analysed using the REML method with trial as a random effect.

3. Across the constituent trials, average added dietary fat and oil inclusion was 4.42% (min 1.15%, max 7.00%), with varied U:S ratio (min 0.94, avg 2.50, max 7.65), reflecting diverse fat sources. Overall, neither bird growth performance nor response to lysolecithin supplementation were significantly affected by the U:S ratio of the diets.

4. In performance trials where lysolecithin was added ‘on top’ of existing formulations, FCRc was significantly reduced by lysolecithin at 250 g/t inclusion compared to the control, with 125 g/t returning an intermediate value. In reformulated trials, FCRc was not significantly affected, suggesting lysolecithin supplementation at 125 and 250 g/t could recover average dietary energy reductions of 57.88 and 73.11 kcal/kg feed, respectively.

5. In conclusion, this study showed that the addition of lysolecithin at levels of 125 g/t and above to broiler diets consistently improved feed efficiency across a range of basal dietary ingredients and fat sources.     

Xylanase and xylo- oligosaccharide prebiotic improve the growth performance and concentration of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in the ileum of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing broiler diets with xylanase or xylo- oligosaccharide (XOS) on growth performance, the concentration of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysis products in the ileum and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caeca of broiler chickens.

2. In total, 500 male Ross 308 broilers were used in this 29-day (d) study. The treatments were organised into a 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial arrangement consisting of two additives (xylanase or XOS) at two levels (low or high) plus a control treatment with no additives. This gave five treatments with 100 birds in each treatment group. The diets were slightly deficient in protein by 20 g/kg and energy by 1 MJ/kg.

3. On d 14 and 28, two birds per pen were euthanised, the caeca content collected and analysed for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. On d 29, six birds per pen were euthanised and ileal digesta were collected and analysed for the concentration of NSP fractions.

4. On d 14, caecal acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, n-valeric acid and total SCFA concentrations were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) when diets were supplemented with XOS compared with xylanase.

5. Ileal concentration of arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid (GlucA2) were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the insoluble NSP fraction when diets were supplemented with a high level of xylanase, compared with the control treatment. Ileal concentration of fructose was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the water soluble NSP when a high level of xylanase or low level of XOS were included in the diet compared with the control.

6. It was concluded that xylanase and XOS had similar effects on NSP concentration and SCFA in the caeca, although there was little effect on performance. This observation demonstrated further benefits of xylanase supplementation in wheat-based broiler diets beyond digesta viscosity reduction and the release of extra nutrients.     

乳化剂在肉鸡饲料中的效果研究

乳化剂是一种亲油又亲水的物质,能显著降低脂肪的粘度,弥补动物胆盐分泌不足,从而提高脂肪消化率,防止脂肪肝发生和畜禽因脂肪消化不良引起的下痢,且利于脂溶性营养物质（VA、VD、VE、色素等）的吸收。因此,可通过乳化剂调低配方的代谢能水平,降低成本,提高经济效益。本试验研究了乳化剂对白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果显示：减少油脂后添加乳化剂对肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重的影响均不显著,从试验全期看,日粮减少油脂5 kg/t 或降低代谢能30 kcal/kg （1 kcal=4.187 kJ,下同）后添加乳化剂,可以使肉鸡平均日增重和料重比保持正常的水平。     

黄芪·蒲公英等中草药配伍对肉仔鸡生长保健性能的影响

[目的]探讨黄芪、蒲公英等中草药对肉仔鸡生长保健性能的影响。[方法]将黄芪、蒲公英等中草药分别以配伍形式加入艾维因肉仔鸡基础日粮,测定对其生长保健性能的变化情况。[结果]添加中草药配伍A组(0.8%黄芪,0.4%山楂,0.4%陈皮,0.4%苍术)、中草药配伍B组(1.2%蒲公英,0.8%乌梅,0.8%黄柏,0.4%黄芪)肉仔鸡体重分别提高6.12%(P<0.01)及0.64%(P>0.05);肉仔鸡采食量分别改变-7.95%、9.99%;肉仔鸡料肉比分别改变-14.04%、9.35%,中草药配伍B组替代抗生素添加剂使肉仔鸡成活率和对照组保持相当水平。[结论]黄芪配伍中草药对艾维因肉仔鸡生长性能有较好改善作用;蒲公英配伍中草药则使其生长性能有所下降,但可替代日粮中抗生素添加剂的防病保健作用。     

不同小麦日粮对肉仔鸡肉质、脂肪酸合成酶mRNA与脂蛋白脂肪酶mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在研究不同小麦日粮对肉仔鸡生长、肉质及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA与脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)mRNA表达的影响。选用300只艾维因肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡,5组分别饲喂玉米日粮和4种水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖(WSAX)含量不同的小麦日粮,试验期为6周。结果表明:①随着小麦日粮中WSAX含量的增加,肉仔鸡的生长明显降低;②小麦日粮显著增加了肌肉持水力,并随小麦WSAX含量增加而升高的趋势显著(P<0.01),剪切力也随之增加(P<0.05)。饲喂小麦日粮的肉仔鸡其肉色显著低于玉米日粮组(P<0.01),各小麦日粮组间差异不显著。当小麦WSAX含量较高时,小麦日粮可以显著降低肉仔鸡肌肉脂肪和胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。各处理间胸肌、腿肌含水量无差异(P>0.05);③小麦日粮显著降低FASmRNA在肉仔鸡肝中的表达量(P<0.01),并且随日粮WSAX含量增加而表达水平降低的趋势明显。各处理间LPLmRNA表达量的差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究表明:①当小麦中WSAX含量较低时,对肉仔鸡增重和肉质的影响较小,是玉米理想的替代品;②当小麦中WASX含量较高,则会严重影响肉仔鸡的增重、肉质及FASmRNA在肝脏中的表达,不宜在肉仔鸡日粮中大量添加。     

纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响.选用1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡192只,随机分为4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡.以添加硫酸锌(含锌80 mg/kg)的口粮为对照组,即A组,添加含锌40、80、120 mg/kg的3个纳米氧化锌水平组为试验组,即B、C、D组,试验期6周.试验结果表明:40 mg/kg锌添加水平的纳米氧化锌组能够显著提高(21、42 d)肉仔鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05、P<0.01),极显著提高(21、42 d)血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01、P<0.01),减少(21 d)血清中一氧化氮(NO)生成(P<0.05).80 mg/kg锌添加水平的纳米氧化锌组能够极显著提高(42 d)肉仔鸡血清中GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),显著提高(42 d)肝组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和T-AOC活性(P<0.05、P<0.01),极显著提高(21 d)血清中T-AOC(P<0.01),减少(21、42 d)血清中NO生成(P<0.05、P<0.01),并能提高(42 d)血清抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),提高(21 d)肝组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活性(P<0.05).由此可知,日粮添加纳米氧化锌可在一定程度上提高肉仔鸡机体的抗氧化性能,增强抗氧化酶活性,降低自由基的产生,以40、80 mg/kg添加量效果较佳.     

营养水平对肉鸡肌肉组织学的影响

试验设计了 9种能量或蛋白质水平不同的饲粮 ,研究了不同营养水平对肉鸡胸肌组织学的影响。结果表明 :饲粮能量或蛋白质水平增加 ,肉鸡胸肌纤维密度减小、直径增大 (P <0 0 1 )。所有处理中 ,高能中蛋白组试鸡胸肌纤维密度最小、直径最大 ,低能低蛋白组试鸡胸肌纤维密度最大 ,高能低蛋白组试鸡胸肌纤维直径最小。     

复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响

[目的]研究复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响。[方法]研究选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡1600只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复。对照组喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中加入0.1%的复合酶、0.01%的植酸酶、0.1%的复合酶 0.01%的植酸酶。[结果]日增重和饲料效率试3组最好,其次是试1组,试2组第3,对照组最低(p>0.05);鸡粪尿中氮含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了10.21%、5.64%、12.04%,磷含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了2.04%、30.61%和31.63%;舍内氨含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了20.48%、13.07%和26.98%;舍内硫化氢浓度试1、2、3组分别较对照组下降了19.66%、15.10%和29.30%。[结论]复合酶和植酸酶能改善肉鸡的生产性能和减少污染物质的排放量。     

黑麦日粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道食糜粘度的影响

本文用１８０只肉仔鸡,进行饲养试验,研究黑麦日粮添加４种不同酶制剂,ＮＱ、ＲＭ１、ＲＭ２和ＲＭ３,对肉仔鸡的生产性能以及肠道食糜及泄殖腔粪样粘度的影响。酶制剂ＮＱ和ＲＭ１含有高的木聚糖酶活（７７００ＩＵ／ｇ,３４５０ＩＵ／ｇ）能极显著改进（Ｐ＜０．０１）增重（８．４％,１６．０％）和饲料转化率（１５．４％,１４．４％）,ＲＭ２,含有相对低的木聚糖酶（６０ＩＵ／ｇ）和相对高的阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活（５．３ＩＵ／ｇ）,产生类似的效果（Ｐ＜０．０１）：增重提高１０．５％,饲料转化率提高１１．８％,然而ＲＭ３,由于含木聚糖酶活较低（５ＩＵ／ｇ）和较高的蛋白酶活（８０ＩＵ／ｇ）,则对增重无效,但亦可改善饲料转化率（６．４％,Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述酶制剂在降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样粘度方面与增重和饲料转化率有相同的趋势。一般说来,日粮中添加的酶量与食糜相应的粘度成倒数关系。这些结果证明：具有较高木聚糖酶活的酶制剂能明显降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样的粘度,从而改善饲喂黑麦日粮肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

玉米-豆粕日粮添加溶菌酶对肉仔鸡生长性能、代谢及免疫指标的影响

本文研究了溶菌酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫指标的影响.采用单因子试验设计,选用体重相近1日龄从肉仔鸡320羽,随机分成5组,每组64羽,4个重复,每个重复16羽(公母各1/2).以玉米-豆粕配制基础日粮,Ⅰ为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ分别饲喂基础日粮加不同剂量(添加量分别为0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6 g/kg)的溶菌酶,试验期42 d.结果表明:添加溶菌酶可降低肉仔鸡采食量、料重比,提高日增重.Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,全期(0～6周)Ⅳ组日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);提高了肉仔鸡免疫指标,前期(0～3周)及后期(4～6周),Ⅳ组的胸腺相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的法氏囊相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);21日龄时,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清总蛋白含量较Ⅰ组均显著提高(P<0.05);42日龄时,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清球蛋白含量、血清抗体IgG的含量较Ⅰ组显著提高(P<0.05).结果提示:饲料中添加适量溶菌酶后,肉仔鸡能量、养分表观代谢率和免疫指标均有提高的趋势.