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排序方式: 共有23条查询结果,搜索用时 35 毫秒
1.
In recent years, the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a global concern which has prompted research into the development of alternative disease control strategies for the swine industry. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) offer the prospect of a sustainable alternative approach against bacterial pathogens with the flexibility of being applied therapeutically or for biological control purposes. This paper reviews the use of phages as an antimicrobial strategy for controlling critical pathogens including Salmonella and Escherichia coli with an emphasis on the application of phages for improving performance and nutrient digestibility in swine operations as well as in controlling zoonotic human diseases by reducing the bacterial load spread from pork products to humans through the meat.  相似文献   
2.
Verocytotoxigenic (vtx) Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens with the vtx operon encoded by lambdoid bacteriophage (phage). Despite much research on the host bacteria, similar data on the persistence of verocytotoxin converting phage and the ecological niches where transduction occurs are lacking and novel VTEC of important public health significance, have and continue to emerge. This study investigated the survival of a temperate vtx bacteriophage (24B::kanamycinR) in water (raw farm, pasteurized farm, laboratory tap and autoclaved purified water) and soil (sandy loam and loam soil). It also examined the persistence of an anti‐VTEC lytic phage (e11/2) in the same matrices as this may be one option for controlling the emergence of novel VTEC, especially in farm ecological niches where other control options, such as chemical, heat or high pressure treatments, are not feasible. Samples inoculated with 24B::kanamycinR and e11/2 bacteriophage (8 log10 pfu/ml or pfu/g) separately were incubated at 4°C and 14°C, representative Irish Winter and Summer temperatures, respectively, and tested every 2 days for 40 days. The transduction of 24B::kanamycinR was also continuously assessed. Both phages survived with reductions observed, regardless of matrix or storage temperature. Moreover, 24B::kanamycinR was able to transduce its host E. coli strain. It was therefore concluded that aquatic and soil environments on farms may serve as a vtx phage reservoir and transduction point but anti‐VTEC phage is a possible biocontrol option.  相似文献   
3.
噬菌体制剂的研究现状及发展前景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
噬菌体制剂是利用噬菌体溶解细胞的特性而用于治疗动物的病原菌的临床感染。早在20世纪初,噬菌体治疗就取得了积极的治疗效果。目前传统抗生素治疗动物细菌感染时易产生耐药性,而噬菌体制剂则表现出许多突出的优越性。从噬菌体的生物学特性,噬菌体制剂的作用机制,以及噬菌体制剂的发展状况和应用前景等方面进行了论述。  相似文献   
4.
The potential of bacteriophage therapy to control bacterial disease in farmed fish was tested using, as an example, furunculosis of Atlantic salmon, caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.

In vivo testing with Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) showed no adverse effects, with bacteriophage generally cleared within 96 h of administration by either intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral in-feed.

Juvenile Atlantic salmon were administered a combination of bacteriophage O, R and B (1.9 × 108 pfu fish− 1) by i.p. injection, after they had been challenged with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida 78027, also by i.p. injection. The fish that were injected with bacteriophage immediately after challenge died at a significantly slower rate then those that were either not treated with bacteriophage, or treated 24 h post-challenge. However, the end result (100% mortality) was not affected.

In further experiments the effects of oral (1.88 × 105 pfu g− 1 fish− 1 daily for 30 days), bath (1.04 × 105 ml− 1 daily for 30 days) and i.p. (6.25 × 107 pfu fish− 1) phage treatment to control furunculosis in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon were compared with antibiotherapy (treatment with 10 mg kg− 1 bw− 1 day− 1 oxolinic acid for 10 days), using an indirect cohabitation challenge. No protection was offered by any of the bacteriophage treatments, compared to the positive challenge group, although significant protection was offered by the oxolinic acid treatment. Analysis of samples taken from the trials demonstrated that bacteriophage were correctly administered to the fish and, on occasion, were isolated from fish that had succumbed to furunculosis. It was also shown that bacteriophage resistant A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates could be recovered from mortalities in all the treatment groups.

The results suggest that, although there were no safety problems associated with the approach, furunculosis in Atlantic salmon is not readily controllable by application of bacteriophage.  相似文献   

5.
柑桔溃疡病菌噬菌体XCP#-1检验技术研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 本文首次报道了根据噬菌体XCP#-1的特性以及寄主溃疡病细菌吸附和噬菌体增殖的原理,采用双层琼脂法测定游离噬菌体的数量变化来检测柑桔溃疡病无症材料。经过四川省12个县、市80个送检柑桔标样的噬菌体吸附或增殖检验,证实它是一种特异性强、灵敏度高、快速准确的先进检测技术。  相似文献   
6.
从上海光明乳业股份有限公司车间发酵罐中分离出4株酸奶噬菌体。1号噬菌体头部呈六角形,平均直径为95.1nm,头部剖面平均面积为8184.8nm^2,尾部的平均直径为18.3nm,平均长度为403.4nm;2号噬菌体头部呈六角形,平均直径为85.4nm,头部剖面平均面积为8046.2nm^2,尾部的平均直径为23.3nm,平均长度为549.4nm;3号噬菌体头部呈六角形,平均直径为95.5nm,头部剖面平均面积为9792.3nm^2,尾部的平均直径为19.8nm,平均长度为450.5nm;4号噬菌体头部呈六角形,平均直径为119.3nm.头部剖面平均面积为12586.1nm^2,尾部的平均直径为23.6nm,平均长度为520.5nm。  相似文献   
7.
8.
The entire genome of bacteriophage OP1, lytic for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight of rice, and the partial genomes of related phages were sequenced and analyzed. The OP1 genome comprises double-stranded, 4785-bp long DNA with 51.1% G + C content. Fifty-nine open reading frames (ORFs) were detected. ORF25 had similarity with the tail fiber gene of phages, whose product is related to host specificity. The ORF25 regions were amplified from four host-range mutants (OP1h, OP1hC, OP1h2, and OP1h2C) by polymerase chain reaction, and their deduced amino acid sequences were compared. Three mutants (OP1hC, OP1h2, OP1h2C) had duplications of a small domain in the N-terminal portion, although there were slight differences in the position of the duplicated sequences. One mutant OP1h had substituted amino acids in the duplication region. New mutants isolated in the laboratory (OP1hC and OP1h2C from OP1 and OP1h2) acquired the ability to lyse strain N5874 belonging to phagovar (lysotype) C. However, they rapidly lost this lytic ability when incubated with other phagovars. This loss was always accompanied by a loss of the characteristic repeats, suggesting that the host range of OP1-related phages changed mainly through duplication and deletion of a small domain in ORF25. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AP008979, AB214312 to AB214316  相似文献   
9.
食源性致病菌是食源性疾病发生的主要病因,成为目前较为突出的公共卫生问题之一,因此食品污染的快速检测具有重要意义。生物传感器为人们提供更加快速、可靠和灵敏的检测平台。该研究综述了近年来几种生物传感器探针在食源性病原微生物检测中的广泛应用,客观地评价了各种探针的优缺点。  相似文献   
10.
陈愿  张永安  周洋 《水产学报》2021,45(9):1605-1615
随着水产养殖业的发展,养殖密度越来越高,细菌性疾病暴发频繁。现如今主流抗菌手段是抗生素,但其大规模且不规范的使用使得细菌耐药性问题越发严重。为了有效防治水产细菌性疾病,加快推进水产养殖业绿色发展,促进产业转型升级,人们亟需寻求新的抗菌手段来缓解当今的局面。噬菌体是一种感染细菌和古细菌的病毒,具有专一性强、不易产生抗性、代谢快、易开发及成本低等优点。在国内外被广泛研究,同时也被应用于多种疾病的防控,其相关产品也获得认可,但其本身存在的限制也不容忽视。本文首先综合介绍了噬菌体治疗的原理和优势,然后对噬菌体治疗在水产养殖动物细菌性疾病中的研究进展进行综述,并对噬菌体治疗现存的困难和应对策略进行讨论,最后在此基础上作出展望,期望能够为后续噬菌体在水产上的应用研究提供参考。  相似文献   
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