食蚜瘿蚊对3种蚜虫捕食作用的研究

[目的]为评价和充分利用食蚜瘿蚊的控蚜作用。[方法]将甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜分别设置5个密度,并用甘蓝蚜作种内干扰竞争试验,研究食蚜瘿蚊对3种蚜虫的捕食作用。[结果]食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程。食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜一昼夜的捕食上限分别为13、11、12头,猎物密度相同时对甘蓝蚜的寻找效应始终高于桃蚜和蔷薇长管蚜。食蚜瘿蚊幼虫有较强的种内干扰反应,平均捕食量随自身密度的增大逐渐减少。[结论]食蚜瘿蚊的捕食数量随蚜虫密度的增加而增加,寻找效应随蚜虫密度的增大而降低。食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜的捕食量最高,捕食率随自身密度的增大而降低。  

食蚜瘿蚊(双翅目:瘿蚊科)的记述

食蚜瘿蚊(Aphidoletes aphidimyza)为国内首次记录,本文记述其形态、分布、捕食对象和生物学特性。  

昆虫病原真菌在当前和未来的温室生态系统中的作用

There are several biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi available in the market for use against insect pests in greenhouse ecosystems.Although most are compatible for use with predators and parasitoids in greenhouse ecosystems,much more research is needed to determine the intraguild interactions for each combination of host, pathogen, predator, and parasitoid.Our research has demonstrated that, although direct effects on the predators could be demonstrated in laboratory bioassays, different results were found under greenhouse conditions, indicating that results obtained in the laboratory may be a poor predictor of what occurs in the greenhouse.In both cases, additive effects were obtained under greenhouse conditions,demonstrating compatibility. In addition, there is increasing evidence that entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential for dual management of invertebrate pests and plant pathogens.Our studies demonstrated that 3 species of Lecanicillium had significant effects on both aphids and cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea;that the fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was compatible with a mirid predator,Disyphus hesperus,when used concurrently against greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum;and that Lecaniciullium longisporum was compatible with a predatory midge,Aphidoletes aphidimyza when used concurrently against green peach aphids.